Plagiarism is the unauthorized use of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without appropriate acknowledgment. Authors are encouraged to paraphrase appropriately and cite all sources used to support their research.

We maintain a strict stance against all forms of plagiarism. Authors are expected to submit only original work that has not been previously published or simultaneously submitted elsewhere. All submitted manuscripts are subject to plagiarism screening.

If plagiarism is detected at any stage, before or after publication, the manuscript may be rejected, retracted, or corrected depending on the severity and timing of the violation. Authors found to have committed plagiarism will be barred from future submissions.