Assessment of Motivational Strategies for Skill Acquisition in Automobile Technology Among Colleges of Education Students in South-South and South-East, Nigeria
Ofonime Harry Otuo, PhD Samuel Amos Ikpe, PhD, Williams Kennedy George
Abstract
This study examined the motivational strategies adopted for students’ skill acquisition in Automobile Technology in Colleges of Education in South-South and South-East Nigeria. Three research questions, three hypotheses and descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population consisted of forty-three (43) Automobile Technology lecturers, comprising 19 lecturers from South-South Colleges of Education (SSCOE) and 24 from South-East Colleges of Education (SECOE). A sample of thirty-five (35) lecturers (15 from SSCOE and 20 from SECOE), was randomly selected. Data were collected using a 30- item questionnaire, face-validated by three experts and tested for reliability using Cronbach alpha, yielding an overall reliability index of 0.78, with 0.77, 0.75 and 0.81 for Sections B, C and D, respectively. Respondents rated items on a five-point scale. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions, while independent t-test was used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed lecturers moderately agreed that Colleges implement motivational strategies before enrolment, including career guidance, scholarships, flexible admissions, industry partnerships and internship information. During training, modern facilities, industrial visits, interactive teaching, multimedia tools and expert- led workshops enhanced skill acquisition. Post-training strategies such as job placements, startup incentives, apprenticeships, further education support and alumni mentorship were less applied, showing weak follow-up support. No significant regional differences emerged. The study recommended strengthening post-training support, industry collaborations, startup grants and alumni mentorship.
Keywords
Motivational Strategies
Students
Skills Acquisition
Automobile Technology
References
Abdullahi, H.A. & Okonkwo, U.C. (2023). Industry linkages and skills acquisition in technical
education: A case study of automobile technology programs in Nigeria. Journal of
Vocational and Technical Education, 20 (1), 77-91.
Adebayo, T. & Usman, L. (2023). Reforming automobile technology education: The role of
student motivation and competency-based learning approaches. Nigerian Journal of
Technical Education, 24 (2), 101-117.
Adegbile, E.O. (2015). Entrepreneur Education for Self-Employment. Ibadan: George Allen
and Unwin
Adekunle, F. & Usoro, B. (2023). Teacher motivation and its impact on technical education
outcomes in Nigeria. Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy, 19 (3), 36-52.
Aina, E. (2023). Innovative pedagogical strategies for technical education: Implications for
automobile technology instructors. Educational Research and Innovation, 14 (4), 46-61.
Akomolafe, C.O. & Adesua, V.O. (2019). An Evaluative Study on the Accreditation of
Academic Programmes and Quality Assurance in Public Colleges of Education in
Nigeria. European Scientific Journal,15 (4), 40-52.
Akpakpavi, M. (2014). Modern automobile vehicle repair practices in micro, small and
medium scale garages in Ghana. International Journal of Science, Technology and
Society, 2 (6), 216-222.
Amadioha, S.W. & Akor, V.O. (2018). Globalisation and functional education in Nigeria. In
Tabotndip, J.E., Umo, U. & Nwiyi, G.U. (eds), Globalization and functional education
in Nigeria. Onitsha: West and Solomon Publishing Company Limited
Asanibare, J.B. (2012). Relationship between Nigeria secondary school principals’ personality
types and their communication skills, Nigeria Journal of Sociology of Education, 4 (1),
62-74.
Ayonmike, C.S. (2020). Development and evaluation of instructional video for teaching and
learning woodwork technology psychomotor skills in Nigerian Colleges of Education:
implication for the production of competent graduates. International Journal of
Vocational and Technical Education Research, 6 (3), 9-20.
Ayonmike, C.S. & Okeke, B.C. (2016). Bridging the skills gap and tackling unemployment of
vocational graduates through partnerships in Nigeria. Journal of Technical Education
and Training, 8 (2), 26-39.
Bello, M. & Adegbite, S. (2022). Industry-academic collaboration for enhanced skill
acquisition in technical education. Journal of Engineering Education, 16 (2), 89-104.
Bindu, C., Habeebu, R.T.V., Anish, B., Abhilash, G.S., Rajeesh, R.S., Abhilash, M.K., …
Fathima, P.A. (2016). Automobile technology. Vocational higher secondary education
(VHSE) second year. Reference book. State Council of Educational Research and
Training (SCERT), KERALA. India.
Bornstein, M.H., Jager, J. & Putnick, D.L. (2013). Sampling in Developmental Science:
Situations, Shortcomings, Solutions and Standards. Developmental Review 33 (4), 357–
Brown, P. & Etim, E. (2023). Enhancing students’ motivation in automobile technology
through technology-assisted learning strategies. African Journal of Technical
Education, 20 (3), 44-60.
Chidoka,
E.
(2012).
13m
vehicles
Use
PMS
in
Nigeria.
Retrieved
from
http://www.leadership.ng/nga/articles/15148/2012/02/02/13m_vehicles_use_pms_nige
ria _%E2%80%93_chidoka.html on 24/4/2025
Cranmer, S. (2014). Digital skills and competencies in schools. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-662-45770-2_15.pdf
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika
Journal, 16 (3), 297-334. doi:10.1007/bf02310555.
Curzon,
R.
(2015).
Vocational
and
practical
arts
education.
Retrieved
from
www.//142.voc.art.U.CR.html on 24/4/2025
Eze, C. & Aluko, B. (2023). The impact of training facilities on student motivation in technical
colleges. Journal of Occupational Safety and Learning, 17 (2), 112-127.
Eze, C. & Nwachukwu, I. (2023). Exploring motivational strategies for improving students’
skills acquisition in automobile technology education in Nigeria. Journal of Educational
Research, 21 (1), 55-70.
Ezeji, S.O. & Okorie, M.A. (2012). Guidance and Counselling in Education. Nuskka: Chulbson
International Press.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN, 2013). National policy on education (6th ed). Nigerian
Educational Research and Development Council Publishers, Yaba, Lagos-Nigeria.
Idris, A.M. & Ogbuanya, T.C. (2015). Automobile starting and lighting system maintenance
training manual for effective learning of motor vehicle mechanics work in technical
colleges. Nigerian Journal of Technological Research, 10 (2), 48-66.
Islam, M.R. (2018). Sample Size and Its Role in Central Limit Theorem (CLT). International
Journal
of
Physics
and
Mathematics,
1(1),
37-47.
https://doi.org/10.31295/ijpm.v1n1.42.
Kola, A.J. & Taiwo, A.Z. (2022). Nigerian Colleges of Education: Issues, Challenges and
Solutions. African Journal of Humanities & Contemporary Education Research,
8(1),73-80.
Mbakurem, J.N. (2016). Politics of education and gender issues: Its curriculum implications.
In E. Eke and R. D. Olainoye (Eds) Nigeria Academy of Education.
Nardi, P.M. (2018). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. 4th Edition,
Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315172231.
Nwachukwu, P.O. (2014). Sustainable development of the Nigerian economy: The role of
technical and vocational education and training (TVET). Educational Research
International Journal, 3 (1), 20–24.
Nworgu, B.G. (2018). Educational research, basic issues and methodology. University Trust
Publishers Nsukka.
Ogbuanya, T. C. & Owodunni, A. S. (2015). Effect of reflective inquiry instructional technique
on students’ achievement and interest in automobile technology in technical colleges.
British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 7 (1), 36-47.
https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/17742
Okafor, I.P. (2012). Affective influences that affect the study of electrical installation in
Technical Colleges in Imo State. An unpublished B. Sc project, University of Nigeria
Nsukka
Okeke, B.S. & Eze, R.A. (2010). Education for employment: A necessity for Nigerian
industrial and technological advancement. Nigerian Journal of Curriculum and
Instruction, 17 (1), 101–106.
Okolie, U.C., Igwe, P.A. & Elom, M.E. (2019). Towards a sustainable university–industry
linkage in Nigeria: A comparison with the Ghanaian model. Journal of Further and
Higher Education, 43 (3), 316–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1369371
Okpara, E. N. & Onyemerekeya, C.C. (2014). Improvement of instruction. In. G. C. Offorma
(ed). Curriculum implementation and instruction, pp. 220-251. Onitsha: Umworld
Education Publication.
Oriola, J. (2019). Strategies for improving the interest of Automobile Technology students in
Vocational Teachers Education. Unpublished thesis, Department to Vocational Teacher
Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. p. 1-25
Owo, O.T. & Deebom, M.T. (2020). Assessment of the Technical Skills Acquired by Students
of Technology Education for Employment Generation in Rivers State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science, 3 (2) 35-41.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2023). Self-determination theory and student motivation in technical
education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 29 (3), 99-115.
Taber, K.S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpha when developing and reporting instrument in
science education. Journal of Research in Science Education, 4 (8), 1273-1296.
doi:10.100/s11165-016-9602-2.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument: How to test the
validation of a questionnaire/survey in research. International Journal of Academic
Research in Management, 5 (3), 28-36.
UNESCO (2023). Global perspectives on technical and vocat
education: A case study of automobile technology programs in Nigeria. Journal of
Vocational and Technical Education, 20 (1), 77-91.
Adebayo, T. & Usman, L. (2023). Reforming automobile technology education: The role of
student motivation and competency-based learning approaches. Nigerian Journal of
Technical Education, 24 (2), 101-117.
Adegbile, E.O. (2015). Entrepreneur Education for Self-Employment. Ibadan: George Allen
and Unwin
Adekunle, F. & Usoro, B. (2023). Teacher motivation and its impact on technical education
outcomes in Nigeria. Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy, 19 (3), 36-52.
Aina, E. (2023). Innovative pedagogical strategies for technical education: Implications for
automobile technology instructors. Educational Research and Innovation, 14 (4), 46-61.
Akomolafe, C.O. & Adesua, V.O. (2019). An Evaluative Study on the Accreditation of
Academic Programmes and Quality Assurance in Public Colleges of Education in
Nigeria. European Scientific Journal,15 (4), 40-52.
Akpakpavi, M. (2014). Modern automobile vehicle repair practices in micro, small and
medium scale garages in Ghana. International Journal of Science, Technology and
Society, 2 (6), 216-222.
Amadioha, S.W. & Akor, V.O. (2018). Globalisation and functional education in Nigeria. In
Tabotndip, J.E., Umo, U. & Nwiyi, G.U. (eds), Globalization and functional education
in Nigeria. Onitsha: West and Solomon Publishing Company Limited
Asanibare, J.B. (2012). Relationship between Nigeria secondary school principals’ personality
types and their communication skills, Nigeria Journal of Sociology of Education, 4 (1),
62-74.
Ayonmike, C.S. (2020). Development and evaluation of instructional video for teaching and
learning woodwork technology psychomotor skills in Nigerian Colleges of Education:
implication for the production of competent graduates. International Journal of
Vocational and Technical Education Research, 6 (3), 9-20.
Ayonmike, C.S. & Okeke, B.C. (2016). Bridging the skills gap and tackling unemployment of
vocational graduates through partnerships in Nigeria. Journal of Technical Education
and Training, 8 (2), 26-39.
Bello, M. & Adegbite, S. (2022). Industry-academic collaboration for enhanced skill
acquisition in technical education. Journal of Engineering Education, 16 (2), 89-104.
Bindu, C., Habeebu, R.T.V., Anish, B., Abhilash, G.S., Rajeesh, R.S., Abhilash, M.K., …
Fathima, P.A. (2016). Automobile technology. Vocational higher secondary education
(VHSE) second year. Reference book. State Council of Educational Research and
Training (SCERT), KERALA. India.
Bornstein, M.H., Jager, J. & Putnick, D.L. (2013). Sampling in Developmental Science:
Situations, Shortcomings, Solutions and Standards. Developmental Review 33 (4), 357–
Brown, P. & Etim, E. (2023). Enhancing students’ motivation in automobile technology
through technology-assisted learning strategies. African Journal of Technical
Education, 20 (3), 44-60.
Chidoka,
E.
(2012).
13m
vehicles
Use
PMS
in
Nigeria.
Retrieved
from
http://www.leadership.ng/nga/articles/15148/2012/02/02/13m_vehicles_use_pms_nige
ria _%E2%80%93_chidoka.html on 24/4/2025
Cranmer, S. (2014). Digital skills and competencies in schools. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-662-45770-2_15.pdf
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika
Journal, 16 (3), 297-334. doi:10.1007/bf02310555.
Curzon,
R.
(2015).
Vocational
and
practical
arts
education.
Retrieved
from
www.//142.voc.art.U.CR.html on 24/4/2025
Eze, C. & Aluko, B. (2023). The impact of training facilities on student motivation in technical
colleges. Journal of Occupational Safety and Learning, 17 (2), 112-127.
Eze, C. & Nwachukwu, I. (2023). Exploring motivational strategies for improving students’
skills acquisition in automobile technology education in Nigeria. Journal of Educational
Research, 21 (1), 55-70.
Ezeji, S.O. & Okorie, M.A. (2012). Guidance and Counselling in Education. Nuskka: Chulbson
International Press.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN, 2013). National policy on education (6th ed). Nigerian
Educational Research and Development Council Publishers, Yaba, Lagos-Nigeria.
Idris, A.M. & Ogbuanya, T.C. (2015). Automobile starting and lighting system maintenance
training manual for effective learning of motor vehicle mechanics work in technical
colleges. Nigerian Journal of Technological Research, 10 (2), 48-66.
Islam, M.R. (2018). Sample Size and Its Role in Central Limit Theorem (CLT). International
Journal
of
Physics
and
Mathematics,
1(1),
37-47.
https://doi.org/10.31295/ijpm.v1n1.42.
Kola, A.J. & Taiwo, A.Z. (2022). Nigerian Colleges of Education: Issues, Challenges and
Solutions. African Journal of Humanities & Contemporary Education Research,
8(1),73-80.
Mbakurem, J.N. (2016). Politics of education and gender issues: Its curriculum implications.
In E. Eke and R. D. Olainoye (Eds) Nigeria Academy of Education.
Nardi, P.M. (2018). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. 4th Edition,
Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315172231.
Nwachukwu, P.O. (2014). Sustainable development of the Nigerian economy: The role of
technical and vocational education and training (TVET). Educational Research
International Journal, 3 (1), 20–24.
Nworgu, B.G. (2018). Educational research, basic issues and methodology. University Trust
Publishers Nsukka.
Ogbuanya, T. C. & Owodunni, A. S. (2015). Effect of reflective inquiry instructional technique
on students’ achievement and interest in automobile technology in technical colleges.
British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 7 (1), 36-47.
https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/17742
Okafor, I.P. (2012). Affective influences that affect the study of electrical installation in
Technical Colleges in Imo State. An unpublished B. Sc project, University of Nigeria
Nsukka
Okeke, B.S. & Eze, R.A. (2010). Education for employment: A necessity for Nigerian
industrial and technological advancement. Nigerian Journal of Curriculum and
Instruction, 17 (1), 101–106.
Okolie, U.C., Igwe, P.A. & Elom, M.E. (2019). Towards a sustainable university–industry
linkage in Nigeria: A comparison with the Ghanaian model. Journal of Further and
Higher Education, 43 (3), 316–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1369371
Okpara, E. N. & Onyemerekeya, C.C. (2014). Improvement of instruction. In. G. C. Offorma
(ed). Curriculum implementation and instruction, pp. 220-251. Onitsha: Umworld
Education Publication.
Oriola, J. (2019). Strategies for improving the interest of Automobile Technology students in
Vocational Teachers Education. Unpublished thesis, Department to Vocational Teacher
Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. p. 1-25
Owo, O.T. & Deebom, M.T. (2020). Assessment of the Technical Skills Acquired by Students
of Technology Education for Employment Generation in Rivers State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science, 3 (2) 35-41.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2023). Self-determination theory and student motivation in technical
education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 29 (3), 99-115.
Taber, K.S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpha when developing and reporting instrument in
science education. Journal of Research in Science Education, 4 (8), 1273-1296.
doi:10.100/s11165-016-9602-2.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument: How to test the
validation of a questionnaire/survey in research. International Journal of Academic
Research in Management, 5 (3), 28-36.
UNESCO (2023). Global perspectives on technical and vocat
