Advancing TVET Through Web 3.0 Technologies: Perceptions and Utilization Among Lecturers in Nigerian Universities
Edidiong Silas Isonguyo, PhD, Eno Obot Jackson, PhD, Augustine B Etuk, PhD
Abstract
This study evaluated the perceptions, utilization and challenges of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) lecturers regarding Web 3.0 technologies in Nigerian universities in South-South geopolitical zone. Three research questions three corresponding null hypotheses and descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 128 TVET lecturers (96 Male and 32 Female), from which 105 respondents (75 Male, 30 Female) were purposively selected. Data were collected using a 30-item structured questionnaire validated by three experts and tested for reliability using Cronbach alpha, yielding an overall coefficient of .78 (.83, .74, .77 for sections B, C and D, respectively), indicating that the instrument was reliable. A five-point Likert scale was employed to measure responses. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for research questions, while independent t-test was used to test hypotheses at a .05 significance level. Findings revealed that lecturers had strong positive perceptions toward Web 3.0 technologies and acknowledged the potential to enhance interactive, personalized and practical learning. However, actual utilization was moderate, hindered by inadequate infrastructure, limited access to learning resources, lack of curriculum integration, insufficient technical support, high costs, unreliable internet and limited digital skills among students. T-test analysis showed no significant gender differences in perceptions, utilization or challenges. The study recommends improving university infrastructure, ensuring stable internet connectivity, investing in AI and VR tools, revising curricula to incorporate Web 3.0, organizing regular professional development for lecturers and establishing technical support units.
Keywords
TVET
Lecturers
Perception
Utilization
Web 3.0
Universities
Nigeria
References
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Publishers Nsukka.
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effective learning outcomes in a Nigerian private university. Proceedings of
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Ogunleye, T. & Adeyemi, P. (2023). Barriers to digital learning adoption in Nigeria: A focus
on Web 3.0 applications. West African Journal of Higher Education, 15(4), 78-95.
Ohei, K.N. & Brink, R. (2019). Web 3.0 and Web 2.0 Technologies in Higher Educational
Institute: Methodological Concept towards a Framework Development for Adoption.
International Journal for Infonomics, 12 (1), 1841- 1853.
Okafor, N. & Nwafor, O. (2023). Blockchain and AI in technical education: A pathway to
innovation. Journal of Vocational and Technical Studies, 10(1), 31-47.
Okafor, U. & Ibrahim, T. (2023). Challenges and opportunities in integrating Web 3.0
technologies in Nigerian universities: A policy perspective. Journal of Higher
Education Policy, 12(3), 34-49.
Okolie, U.C., Igwe, P.A. & Elom, M.E. (2019). Towards a sustainable university-industry
linkage in Nigeria: A comparison with the Ghanaian model. Journal of Further and
Higher Education, 43 (3), 316–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1369371
Oladimeji, Y. & Yusuf, A. (2022). Lecturer readiness for Web 3.0 technologies in Nigerian
universities. Nigerian Journal of Educational Innovation, 17(2), 56-72.
Oluwaseun, A. & Edewor, C. (2022). The readiness of Nigerian higher education institutions
for Web 3.0: A study of lecturers and students. Journal of Educational Innovation,
27(2), 71-8
The case of Web 3.0. Journal of Educational Technology Research, 18(2), 67-82.
Adegbite, O. & Nwankwo, I. (2022). Digital transformation in technical education: The role
of Web 3.0 technologies in Nigeria. International Journal of Vocational Studies,
15(2), 45-62.
Adeyemi, T., & Awolusi, O. (2021). Lecturers’ Competence and Attitude toward Educational
Technologies in Nigerian Universities. Journal of Educational Technology in Higher
Education,18(1), 1-20.
Adu, E.O., Eze, I.R. & Salako, E.T. (2014). Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs) and the Nigerian educational system: Progress and challenges. Journal of
Education and Practice, 5 (25), 1–6.
Agarwal, S., & Kumar, R. (2023). The role of Web 3.0 in modern education: A systematic
review. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 22 (1), 45-61.
Albu, R.D. (2013), Contributions regarding the quality and reliability of web services, PhD
Thesis, University of Oradea.
Bakare, J., Onah, B.I. & Okereke, G. K. O. (2018). Capacity building needs of lecturers in e-
teaching for effective delivery of computer and electrical/electronic technology
courses in tertiary institutions in southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of
Applied Engineering Research, 13 (11), 8736-8750. http://www.ripublication.com
Bello, A.A. & Olatunji, K. (2023). Artificial intelligence and blockchain adoption in higher
education: Implications for teaching and learning in Africa. Journal of Educational
Technology, 28 (3), 193-210.
Berners-Lee, T., Fischetti, M. & Dertouzos, M. L. (2022). Weaving the web: The original
design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web. New York, NY: Harper Business.
Bica, A., Curil, M. & Curil, S. (2013). The Method of Successive Interpolations Solving
Initial Value Problems for Second Order Functional Differential Equations. Fixed
Point Theory, 14 (1), 67-90.
Bornstein, M.H., Jager, J., & Putnick, D.L. (2013). Sampling in Developmental Science:
Situations, Shortcomings, Solutions and Standards. Developmental Review 33 (4),
357–370.
Brown, R., Chen, L. & Williams, S. (2023). Decentralized learning systems: Web 3.0 and the
future of technical education. Educational Research and Reviews, 18 (1), 67-82.
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika
Journal, 16 (3), 297-334. doi:10.1007/bf02310555.
Dauda, P., Danladi, E.N. & Azubuike, H.U. (2024). Perception of teachers on utilization of
information and communication technology in teaching and learning in upper basic
schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Social Studies, 27 (2), 39-49.
Echeng, R. & Usoro, A. (2014). Factors of acceptance and use of web 3.0 technologies for
effective implementation in higher education: Present level of use in two countries.
Proceedings on ICICTE. University of the West of Scotland United Kingdom.
Eke, C. (2023). Challenges and opportunities in Web 3.0 adoption in Nigerian universities.
African Journal of Digital Education, 12 (3), 99-113.
Enyi, C. & Otu, M. (2021). Teacher perception towards the use of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary schools in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Library
Philosophy
and
Practice
(e-journal).
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6602
Esara, U. V., Asuquo, M. E. & Udoh, A. J. (2024), Oil and Militancy in Nigeria’s Niger
Delta. Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 4(3), 77-89. DOI:
10.52589/JARMS-F6LTPPUZ
Fabunmi, F.A. (2020). Undergraduate students’ perception of the effectiveness of ICT use in
improving teaching and learning in Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. African
Journal of Library and Information Science, 6 (2), 001-010.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN, 2013). National Policy on Education (6th edition) Lagos.
NERDC Press.
Hough, J. & Neuland, E. (2012). Comparison of Web 3.0 On-Line Usage by on Campus and
Distance Learning Students Online http://goo.gl/hBFdrz(Retrieved on 10th October
2016).
Idhalama, O.U., Krubu, D.E. & Etebu, A.T. (2023). Proficiency of University Lecturers in
the Adoption of Emerging Instructional Technologies in Nigeria. East African
Journal
of
Education
and
Social
Sciences
4
(5),
101-108.
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2023v04i05.0324.
Islam, M.R. (2018). Sample Size and Its Role in Central Limit Theorem (CLT). International
Journal
of
Physics
and
Mathematics,
1(1),
37-47.
https://doi.org/10.31295/ijpm.v1n1.42.
Ivan, D.L. (2011). A tableau of historical evolution within the EU: on the brink of a
distillation or on the cliffs of glory. Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research,
Issue 2, 2011.
Johnson, R. & Brown, L. (2023). Perception and adoption of Web 3.0 technologies in higher
education. Journal of Digital Learning, 14(1), 25-42.
Kumar, R. & Kaur, A. (2005) Internet and its use in the engineering colleges of Punjab,
India: A case study. Webology, 2 (44), 34-46.
Luo, L. (2010). Web 3.0 integration in information literacy instruction: An overview. Journal
of Academic Librarianship, 36 (10), 32-40.
Makori, E.O. (2011). Bridging the information gap with the patrons in university libraries in
Africa: The case for investments in web 3.0 systems. Library Review, 61(4), 30-40.
Nardi, P.M. (2018). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. 4th Edition,
Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315172231.
National Board for Technical Education (NBTE, 2023). Policy framework for digital
transformation in technical education. Kaduna, Nigeria: National Board for Technical
Education.
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2022). Statistical Report on Nigeria’s Oil and Gas
Sector.
National Population Commission (NPC, 2019). Population and Housing Census Report.
Nwokocha, A.R., & Ezenwaji, I.O. (2020). Digital divide and socio-economic inequality in
Nigerian South-South region. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and
Development, 12(4), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2019.1618283
Nworgu, B.G. (2018). Educational research, basic issues and methodology. University Trust
Publishers Nsukka.
Ogbulogo, C.U., George, T.O. & Olukanni, D.O. (2014). Teaching aids, quality delivery and
effective learning outcomes in a Nigerian private university. Proceedings of
EDULEARN14 Conference, 7th-9th July 2014, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 61-68.
Ogunleye, T. & Adeyemi, P. (2023). Barriers to digital learning adoption in Nigeria: A focus
on Web 3.0 applications. West African Journal of Higher Education, 15(4), 78-95.
Ohei, K.N. & Brink, R. (2019). Web 3.0 and Web 2.0 Technologies in Higher Educational
Institute: Methodological Concept towards a Framework Development for Adoption.
International Journal for Infonomics, 12 (1), 1841- 1853.
Okafor, N. & Nwafor, O. (2023). Blockchain and AI in technical education: A pathway to
innovation. Journal of Vocational and Technical Studies, 10(1), 31-47.
Okafor, U. & Ibrahim, T. (2023). Challenges and opportunities in integrating Web 3.0
technologies in Nigerian universities: A policy perspective. Journal of Higher
Education Policy, 12(3), 34-49.
Okolie, U.C., Igwe, P.A. & Elom, M.E. (2019). Towards a sustainable university-industry
linkage in Nigeria: A comparison with the Ghanaian model. Journal of Further and
Higher Education, 43 (3), 316–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1369371
Oladimeji, Y. & Yusuf, A. (2022). Lecturer readiness for Web 3.0 technologies in Nigerian
universities. Nigerian Journal of Educational Innovation, 17(2), 56-72.
Oluwaseun, A. & Edewor, C. (2022). The readiness of Nigerian higher education institutions
for Web 3.0: A study of lecturers and students. Journal of Educational Innovation,
27(2), 71-8
