Influence of Digital Resource Accessibility on Teachers’ Effectiveness in Junior Secondary Schools Mathematics
CHUKWU Linda Otito (PhD); ANIH, Anselem Anayochukwu (PhD)
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of digital resource accessibility on teachers’ effectiveness in the teaching of Mathematics at the junior secondary school level. With the increasing integration of technology in education, access to digital resources such as interactive software, online tutorials, and virtual classrooms has become essential for effective teaching. The research employed a descriptive survey design, targeting Mathematics teachers across selected junior secondary schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between access to digital resources and teacher effectiveness in areas such as lesson delivery, student engagement, and assessment practices. However, disparities in access due to infrastructural limitations and insufficient training were identified as barriers. The study concludes that improving digital resource availability and teacher competence in using these tools can enhance the quality of Mathematics instruction. Recommendations include increased investment in digital infrastructure, targeted professional development, and policy support for equitable resource distribution. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on technology integration in education and underscores the need for systemic support to maximize teacher effectiveness through digital means.
References
Adeyemi, B. A., & Jegede, P. O. (2017). ICT availability, accessibility and usage in secondary
schools in Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Education and Development using
ICT, 13(2), 126–138.
Adu, E. O., & Olatundun, S. A. (2013). The use and management of ICT in schools: Strategies for
school leadership. European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology,
1(2), 10–16.
Adu, E. O., Afolabi, O. A., & Adebayo, O. S. (2018). Influence of ICT on teaching and learning
of mathematics. International Journal of Education and Research, 6(2), 123–132.
Akpojotor, I. R. U., Mordi, C. U., Onoka, H. O., & Ogah, B. O. (2025). Impact of fuel subsidy
removal on staff welfare and students’ academic performance in tertiary institutions in
Delta
State.
British
Journal
of
Education,
13(3),
16–27.
https://doi.org/10.37745/bje.2013/vol13n31627
Bebell, D., & O'Dwyer, L. M. (2010). The impact of technology use in schools on student
achievement: A research synthesis. Journal of Research on Technology in Education,
42(3), 179–221.
Daily Post. (2024, October 1). Petrol price hike: Nigerian parents lament increased hardship as
schools
resume.
https://dailypost.ng/2024/10/01/petrol-price-hike-nigerian-parents-
lament-increased-hardship-as-schools-resume/
Dirgha, R. J., Jeevan, R., Krishna, P. S. C., & Krishna, P. A. (2025). The impact of digital resource
utilization on student learning outcomes and self-efficacy across different economic
contexts. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100443.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100443
Disciplines.ng.
(2024).
Role
of
mathematics
in
Nigerian
STEM
education.
https://disciplines.ng/role-of-mathematics-in-stem-education/
Ede, F. A., & Owoeye, J. S. (2021). Teachers’ use of digital tools and instructional effectiveness
in Nigerian secondary schools. African Journal of Educational Research and Development,
14(1), 54–65.
Edema, G. (2024, September 10). PTA, NUT fear increased school dropout over fuel price hike.
The PUNCH Newspaper.
Edema, G. (2024, September 27). Rising transport fares strain students, threaten access to quality
education. The PUNCH.
Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher technology change: How knowledge,
confidence, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education,
42(3), 255–284.
Ezeanyanaso, I. (2024, September 19). School resumption: Nigerian parents battle rising costs
amid petrol price hike. Vanguard Newspapers.
Ezeanyi, B. C., Benedicta, F. O., & Bolatito, E. S. (2012). Assessment of difficult mathematics
concepts as perceived by primary school teachers in Enugu State, Nigeria. International
Journal of Educational Research, 4(10), 18–29.
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital
technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
Igbokwe, C. O., & Agbo, M. A. (2019). Bridging the digital divide in Nigerian secondary schools.
Nigerian Journal of Educational Technology, 19(1), 34–42.
Ijeoma, C. (2025). Telecoms tariff hike: Implications for Nigerians and the digital economy. Prime
Progress. https://primeprogressng.com/perspective/telecoms-tariff-hike-implications-for-
nigerians-and-the-digital-economy/
Ineye-Briggs, A. C. (2023). Influence of sit-at-home order by IPOB on academic programmes of
secondary schools in South-East geo-political zone of Nigeria. Irish Journal of Educational
Practice, 7(5), 55–69.
Ishaku, J. (2024). Digital solutions key to improving governance — DG NITDA. National
Information Technology Development Agency. https://nitda.gov.ng/digital-solutions-key-
to-improving-governance-dg-nitda/8469/
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge?
Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60–70.
Nur, S. (2020). Concept and types of digital resources: What are the benefits of consortia approach
in
collection
development.
ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343170723_Concept_and_types_of_digital_res
ources_What_are_the_benefits_of_consortia_approach_in_collection_developmentResea
rchGate
Ogunbodede, K. F., & Oribhabor, C. B. (2022). Digital resources usage and academic performance
of undergraduate students in Nigeria: A case study. European Journal of Interactive
Multimedia and Education, 3(2), e02213. https://doi.org/10.30935/ejimed/12491
Okeke, C. I. O., & Nwankwo, C. A. (2020). Enhancing teacher effectiveness through digital
literacy. Journal of Educational Technology and Curriculum Development, 11(3), 71–83.
Ololube, N. P. (2016). Education and society: An interactive approach to educational issues.
Springfield Publishers.
Oyelekan, O. S., & Olorundare, A. S. (2016). ICT integration and teacher effectiveness in
mathematics instruction. Journal of STEM Education Research, 5(1), 15–24.
Premium Times. (2020, June 8). For Nigerian students, high data costs limit online learning
amidst
pandemic.
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/398727-for-
nigerian-students-high-data-costs-limit-online-learning-amidst-pandemic.html
Premium Times. (2025, March 18). Enugu council threatens sanctions on private schools
observing
sit-at-home.
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/781718-
enugu-council-threatens-sanctions-on-private-schools-observing-sit-at-home.html
Ramaila, S., & Mpinga, N. P. (2021). The effect of digital learning on the academic achievement
and motivation of natural sciences learners: A case study of a South African independent
school.
International
Journal
of
Higher
Education,
11(7),
71–85.
https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v11n7p71
Parveen, S., & Ramzan, S. I. (2024). The role of digital technologies in education: Benefits and
challenges. International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management
(IRJAEM), 2(6), 2029–2037. https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEM.2024.0299
Staff writer. (2024). NDLF: How NITDA, CISCO are pushing for marketable graduates at NSUK.
Techeconomy.ng.
https://techeconomy.ng/ndlf-how-nitda-cisco-are-pushing-for-
marketable-graduates-at-nsuk/
Study.com.
(n.d.).
Digital
learning
resources:
Definition,
types
&
examples.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-digital-learning-resources-overview-
examples.html
Suleiman, A., Mohammed, A., & Ameen, A. (2010). Role of mathematics for an individual's and
national
growth.
ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317904913_Role_of_mathematics_for_an_indi
vidual%27s_and_national_growth
Tella, A., Tella, A., Toyobo, O. M., Adika, L. O., & Adeyinka, A. A. (2015). An assessment of
secondary school teachers’ use of ICTs: Implications for further development of ICT use
in Nigerian secondary schools. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,
6(3), 5–17.
Tondeur, J., Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2017). A comprehensive analysis of TPACK
studies using structural equation modeling. Educational Technology Research and
Development, 65(4), 905–930.
Uwadiae, I. (2017, August 23). WAEC: Registrar explains why mathematics is important. Daily
Post
Nigeria.
https://dailypost.ng/2017/08/23/waec-registrar-explains-mathematics-
important/
Uwalaka, B. (2024, September 10). High transport fare: Students trek, others boycott schools.
Daily Trust.
Yakubu, F. M., Obafemi, K., Obafemi, T., Saadu, U. T., & Yahaya, O. (2024). Nigeria’s economic
crisis affects parents monitoring wards’ education – Researchers. Vanguard News.
https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/08/nigerias-economic-crisis-affects-parents-
monitoring-wards-education-researchers/
schools in Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Education and Development using
ICT, 13(2), 126–138.
Adu, E. O., & Olatundun, S. A. (2013). The use and management of ICT in schools: Strategies for
school leadership. European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology,
1(2), 10–16.
Adu, E. O., Afolabi, O. A., & Adebayo, O. S. (2018). Influence of ICT on teaching and learning
of mathematics. International Journal of Education and Research, 6(2), 123–132.
Akpojotor, I. R. U., Mordi, C. U., Onoka, H. O., & Ogah, B. O. (2025). Impact of fuel subsidy
removal on staff welfare and students’ academic performance in tertiary institutions in
Delta
State.
British
Journal
of
Education,
13(3),
16–27.
https://doi.org/10.37745/bje.2013/vol13n31627
Bebell, D., & O'Dwyer, L. M. (2010). The impact of technology use in schools on student
achievement: A research synthesis. Journal of Research on Technology in Education,
42(3), 179–221.
Daily Post. (2024, October 1). Petrol price hike: Nigerian parents lament increased hardship as
schools
resume.
https://dailypost.ng/2024/10/01/petrol-price-hike-nigerian-parents-
lament-increased-hardship-as-schools-resume/
Dirgha, R. J., Jeevan, R., Krishna, P. S. C., & Krishna, P. A. (2025). The impact of digital resource
utilization on student learning outcomes and self-efficacy across different economic
contexts. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100443.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100443
Disciplines.ng.
(2024).
Role
of
mathematics
in
Nigerian
STEM
education.
https://disciplines.ng/role-of-mathematics-in-stem-education/
Ede, F. A., & Owoeye, J. S. (2021). Teachers’ use of digital tools and instructional effectiveness
in Nigerian secondary schools. African Journal of Educational Research and Development,
14(1), 54–65.
Edema, G. (2024, September 10). PTA, NUT fear increased school dropout over fuel price hike.
The PUNCH Newspaper.
Edema, G. (2024, September 27). Rising transport fares strain students, threaten access to quality
education. The PUNCH.
Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher technology change: How knowledge,
confidence, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education,
42(3), 255–284.
Ezeanyanaso, I. (2024, September 19). School resumption: Nigerian parents battle rising costs
amid petrol price hike. Vanguard Newspapers.
Ezeanyi, B. C., Benedicta, F. O., & Bolatito, E. S. (2012). Assessment of difficult mathematics
concepts as perceived by primary school teachers in Enugu State, Nigeria. International
Journal of Educational Research, 4(10), 18–29.
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital
technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
Igbokwe, C. O., & Agbo, M. A. (2019). Bridging the digital divide in Nigerian secondary schools.
Nigerian Journal of Educational Technology, 19(1), 34–42.
Ijeoma, C. (2025). Telecoms tariff hike: Implications for Nigerians and the digital economy. Prime
Progress. https://primeprogressng.com/perspective/telecoms-tariff-hike-implications-for-
nigerians-and-the-digital-economy/
Ineye-Briggs, A. C. (2023). Influence of sit-at-home order by IPOB on academic programmes of
secondary schools in South-East geo-political zone of Nigeria. Irish Journal of Educational
Practice, 7(5), 55–69.
Ishaku, J. (2024). Digital solutions key to improving governance — DG NITDA. National
Information Technology Development Agency. https://nitda.gov.ng/digital-solutions-key-
to-improving-governance-dg-nitda/8469/
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge?
Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60–70.
Nur, S. (2020). Concept and types of digital resources: What are the benefits of consortia approach
in
collection
development.
ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343170723_Concept_and_types_of_digital_res
ources_What_are_the_benefits_of_consortia_approach_in_collection_developmentResea
rchGate
Ogunbodede, K. F., & Oribhabor, C. B. (2022). Digital resources usage and academic performance
of undergraduate students in Nigeria: A case study. European Journal of Interactive
Multimedia and Education, 3(2), e02213. https://doi.org/10.30935/ejimed/12491
Okeke, C. I. O., & Nwankwo, C. A. (2020). Enhancing teacher effectiveness through digital
literacy. Journal of Educational Technology and Curriculum Development, 11(3), 71–83.
Ololube, N. P. (2016). Education and society: An interactive approach to educational issues.
Springfield Publishers.
Oyelekan, O. S., & Olorundare, A. S. (2016). ICT integration and teacher effectiveness in
mathematics instruction. Journal of STEM Education Research, 5(1), 15–24.
Premium Times. (2020, June 8). For Nigerian students, high data costs limit online learning
amidst
pandemic.
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/398727-for-
nigerian-students-high-data-costs-limit-online-learning-amidst-pandemic.html
Premium Times. (2025, March 18). Enugu council threatens sanctions on private schools
observing
sit-at-home.
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/781718-
enugu-council-threatens-sanctions-on-private-schools-observing-sit-at-home.html
Ramaila, S., & Mpinga, N. P. (2021). The effect of digital learning on the academic achievement
and motivation of natural sciences learners: A case study of a South African independent
school.
International
Journal
of
Higher
Education,
11(7),
71–85.
https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v11n7p71
Parveen, S., & Ramzan, S. I. (2024). The role of digital technologies in education: Benefits and
challenges. International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management
(IRJAEM), 2(6), 2029–2037. https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEM.2024.0299
Staff writer. (2024). NDLF: How NITDA, CISCO are pushing for marketable graduates at NSUK.
Techeconomy.ng.
https://techeconomy.ng/ndlf-how-nitda-cisco-are-pushing-for-
marketable-graduates-at-nsuk/
Study.com.
(n.d.).
Digital
learning
resources:
Definition,
types
&
examples.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-digital-learning-resources-overview-
examples.html
Suleiman, A., Mohammed, A., & Ameen, A. (2010). Role of mathematics for an individual's and
national
growth.
ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317904913_Role_of_mathematics_for_an_indi
vidual%27s_and_national_growth
Tella, A., Tella, A., Toyobo, O. M., Adika, L. O., & Adeyinka, A. A. (2015). An assessment of
secondary school teachers’ use of ICTs: Implications for further development of ICT use
in Nigerian secondary schools. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,
6(3), 5–17.
Tondeur, J., Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Baran, E. (2017). A comprehensive analysis of TPACK
studies using structural equation modeling. Educational Technology Research and
Development, 65(4), 905–930.
Uwadiae, I. (2017, August 23). WAEC: Registrar explains why mathematics is important. Daily
Post
Nigeria.
https://dailypost.ng/2017/08/23/waec-registrar-explains-mathematics-
important/
Uwalaka, B. (2024, September 10). High transport fare: Students trek, others boycott schools.
Daily Trust.
Yakubu, F. M., Obafemi, K., Obafemi, T., Saadu, U. T., & Yahaya, O. (2024). Nigeria’s economic
crisis affects parents monitoring wards’ education – Researchers. Vanguard News.
https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/08/nigerias-economic-crisis-affects-parents-
monitoring-wards-education-researchers/
