Comparison of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for Trace Heavy Metals Analysis in Oguta Lake Water, Imo State, Nigeria
Igbomezie Maryann Chioma, Obiagwu Ifeoma Chinwendu, Ezekoye Miracle, Oluchukwu, Nnadozie Chukwuemeka Fortunatus, Azubuike Gladstone Otuuh, and Kalu, Samuel Anthonio
Abstract
This study compared Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for determining trace heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Co, Ag, Ti, Cr, Cu, V, Zn, Mn, Ni) in Oguta Lake, Nigeria, during dry and rainy seasons. A total of 18 water samples (3 sites × 2 seasons × 3 replicates) were analyzed. AAS exhibited superior sensitivity and reproducibility, while XRF offered faster throughput and lower costs. A significant discrepancy was observed for Cu, where XRF reported inflated values due to matrix effects. Concentrations of Pb, Fe, and Zn measured by AAS exceeded WHO permissible limits for drinking water, indicating ecological and health risks. We conclude that AAS is more reliable for regulatory compliance, while XRF is useful for rapid screening. A hybrid approach combining both methods is recommended for effective monitoring.
Keywords
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