Comparative Evaluation of Carcass Cut and Meat Quality of Finisher’s Pigs Fed Rice Offal and Millet Hulls Base Diets
Akhigbe, O, Ojinnaka, P.E, Omotoso O. B and Yakubani, B.
Abstract
This research was to comparatively evaluate the meat quality including the pH, water holding capacity of pork and the proximate analysis of specific pork cuts of finisher’s pigs fed rice offal’s and millet hulls based diets . The study was carried out at the Swine unit of Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State. Eighteen (18) mixed local breeds of grower’s pigs. After slaughter, the proximate composition of raw blade shoulder, hind limb and bacon of pig breeds was analyzed. The water holding capacity for the hind limb, T1 had the highest value with 28.65 and had a calcium level of 11.45 in T2 . There was no significant differences in the crude protein across all treatments in the blade shoulder with values of 22.11 for T1,23.56 for T2 and 23.56 for T3. The ether extract recorded 5.51 for T1 had the highest value. The value for potassium in T1 was also the highest with a value of 209.78 and phosphorus had a value of 259.34 for T3. For the pork belly, the crude protein had no significant difference with values for T1 with 23.45, T2 having 23.23 and T3 with similar value of 23.23. However, T1 had the highest value for ether extract with a value of 5.560 in T1. The result for cook loss in T3 had the highest value with 23.560 and a water holding capacity of 27.45.
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In M. B. G. Partridge (Ed.), Enzymes in farm animal nutrition (pp. 109–124). CABI
Publishing.
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Anticipating hazards—searching for solutions. Environmental Health Perspectives,
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rev.). Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International.
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Rockville, MD: AOAC International.
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by-products on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and economics
of production of growing rabbits. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 12(2), 103–112.
Andersen, H.J., Oksbjerg, N., Young, J.F. and Therkildsen, M. (2005). Feeding and meat
quality: A future approach. Meat Science, 70: 543-554.
Bach Knudsen, K. E., & Hansen, I. (1991). Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat
fractions. Part 1. Digestibility and bulking properties of polysaccharides and other major
constituents. British Journal of Nutrition, 65(3), 233–248
Canadian Pork Exports. (2018). Canadapork.com. https://www.canadapork.com (Accessed
October 6, 2018)
Ekpo, J. S., Etuk, I. F., Ekpo, K. O., Udo, M. D., & Eyoh, G. D. (2009). Determination of optimal
dietary inclusion ratio of brewer’s dried grain and palm kernel cake for growing pigs. In C.
C. Asiabaka et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Food
Crises (pp. 83–86). Federal University of Technology, Owerri.
Ekpo, J. S., Etuk, I. F., Eyoh, G. D., & Obasi, O. L. (2008). Effect of dietary three sun-dried cassava
feed forms on the performance of weaner rabbits. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural
Technology, 13, 16–21.
Emenalom, O. O., Okoloi, I. C., & Udedibie, A. B. I. (2004). Observations on the pathophysiology
of weaner pigs fed raw and preheated Nigerian Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) seeds.
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 3(2), 112–117.
Ewan, R. C. (2001). Energy utilization in swine nutrition. In A. J. Lewis & L. L. Southern (Eds.),
Swine nutrition (2nd ed., pp. 85–94). CRC Press.
Fang, Z., Peng, J., Liu, Z., & Liu, Y. (2007). Responses of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading
enzymes on digestibility and performance of growing pigs fed a diet based on corn,
soybean meal and Chinese double-low rapeseed meal. Journal of Animal Physiology and
Animal Nutrition, 91, 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00664.x
Flisser, A., Ganaba, R., Praet, N., Carabin, H., Millogo, A., Tarnagda, Z., Dorny, P., Hounton, S.,
Sow, A., Nitiéma, P., & Cowan, L. D. (2011). Factors associated with the prevalence of
circulating antigens to porcine cysticercoids in three villages of Burkina Faso. PLOS
Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5(1), e927. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000927
Ha, T., Tran, T. T. H., Dao, T. M., Do, H. T. T., & Nguyen, T. H. (2019). The use of rice by-
products in animal feed in Vietnam. In J. R. Wiseman (Ed.), Rice: Nutritional, genetic, and
plant breeding (Vol. III). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816423-
1.00012-3
Hemsworth, P. H., Coleman, G. J., Barnett, J. L., & Borg, S. (2000). Relationships between
human–animal interactions and productivity of commercial dairy cows. Journal of Animal
Science, 78(11), 2821–2831. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.78112821x
Hemsworth, P. H. (2003). Human–animal interactions in livestock production. Applied Animal
Behaviour Science, 81(3), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00280-0
Jha, R., Berrocoso, J. F. D., & Zhao, J. (2015). Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on
physiological functions and gut health of swine. Animal Feed Science and Technology,
212, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.001
Jo, J. K., Ingale, S. L., Kim, J. S., Kim, Y. W., Kim, K. H., Lohakare, J. D., Lee, J. H., & Chae, B.
J. (2012). Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation to corn- and soybean meal-based
or complex diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites in
growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 90, 3041–3048. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-
3430
Kim, S. W., Zhang, J. H., Soltwedel, K. T., & Knabe, D. A. (2006). Use of carbohydrases in corn-
soybean meal-based grower-finisher pig diets. Animal Research, 55, 563–578.
https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2006039
Lander, B., Schneider, M., & Brunson, K. (2020). A history of pigs in China: From curious
omnivores to industrial pork. The Journal of Asian Studies, 79(4), 865–889.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911820000054
Lee, S., Norman, J. M., Gunasekaran, S., van Laack, R. L. J. M., Kim, B. C., & Kauffman, R. G.
(2000). Use of electrical conductivity to predict water-holding capacity in post-rigor pork.
Meat Science, 55, 385–389.
Lestari, C. M. S., Dewi, N. E., & Yuliani, S. H. (2020). The effect of rice straw fermented by
Aspergillus niger on iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) content in the solid-state fermented rice
straw. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 845(1), 012016.
Lestari, C. M. S., Sari, A. M., Hertanto, B. S., & Widyastuti, Y. (2016). Effect of millet (Panicum
miliaceum) on the mineral composition and quality of meat from indigenous duck. Journal
of
Animal
Science
Advances,
6(5),
1635–1641.
https://doi.org/10.5455/jasa.20160501091243
Li, Y., Su, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, G., Zhang, L., Chen, L., & Chen, X. (2021). Effect of high fiber diet
on nutrient digestibility, microbial population and short-chain fatty acids in the intestine of
growing
pigs.
Frontiers
in
Veterinary
Science,
8,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.625068
Luo, Y. H., Ma, Q. G., Yuan, L., Lu, W., Su, W. J., & Zhang, J. B. (2015). Effects of replacing
corn with millet grain in diets on nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indexes and
small intestinal morphology of broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 27(3), 731–
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.03.015
Nwagu, T. N., Aladi, N. O., Ezeokeke, C. T., Obi, C. U., & Omede, A. A. (2019). Effects of dietary
inclusion of rice husk and brewers’ spent grains on nutrient digestibility, hematological
indices and serum biochemical parameters of grower pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science,
11(4), 212–222. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p212
Omogbenigun, F. O., Nyachoti, C. M., & Slominski, B. A. (2004). Dietary supplementation with
multienzyme preparations improves nutrient utilization and growth performance in weaned
pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 1053–1061. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8241053x
Schiavon, S., Carraro, L., Dalla, M., Cesaro G., Carnier P., Tagliapietra F., Sturaro E., Galassi
G., Malagutti L. and Trevisi E. (2015). Growth performance, and carcass and raw
ham quality of crossbred heavy pigs from four genetic groups fed low protein diets
for dry-cured ham production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 208: 170-181s
Suksombat, W., Maneewan, C., Phesatcha, K., & Wattanachant, S. (2019). In vitro nutrient
digestibility, fermentation characteristics and methane production of rice straw-based diets
supplemented with graded levels of rice bran oil and/or coconut oil. Animal Feed Science
and Technology, 257, 114267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114267
Summers, J. D. (2001). Maize: Factors affecting its digestibility and variability in its feeding value.
In M. B. G. Partridge (Ed.), Enzymes in farm animal nutrition (pp. 109–124). CABI
Publishing.
Thorne, P. S. (2007). Environmental health impacts of concentrated animal feeding operations:
Anticipating hazards—searching for solutions. Environmental Health Perspectives,
115(2), 296–297. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8831
Van Kempen, T. A. T. G., Van Heugten, E., Moeser, A. J., Muley, N. S., & Sewalt, V. J. H. (2006).
Selecting soybean meal characteristics preferred for swine nutrition. Journal of Animal
Science, 84, 1387–1395. https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.8461387x
