IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (IJCCP )

E-I SSN 2545-5265
P- ISSN 2695-1916
VOL. 11 NO. 3 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijccp.vol.11.no3.2025.pg20.31

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Effect of Cosolvent Concentration on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Electro-kinetic Remediated Crude Oil Contaminated

J.E. Sani, F.B. Muhammad, G. Moses, K.K. Mustapha

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Abstract

This study investigates the effect of cosolvent concentrations on the hydraulic Conductivity of electrokinetic remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil (COCS). The remediation process involved the use of acetone, distilled water, and graphite electrodes in electrokinetic remediation (EKR) setups, with varying cosolvent concentrations of 0.05M, 0.1M, 0.15M, and 0.2M. Initially, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content in the contaminated soil was 48,000 mg/kg. The percentage removal efficiencies were 52.50%, 78.33%, 85.00%, and 64.58% for cosolvent concentrations of 0.05M, 0.1M, 0.15M, and 0.2M, respectively. The highest crude oil removal efficiency was achieved with the 0.15M concentration, demonstrating that this concentration was the most effective for EKR. Additionally, the index properties of the COC soil and EKR-treated soil classified the soil as A-7-6 under the AASHTO classification system (AASHTO, 1986) and as CL (clay of low plasticity) under the Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM, 1992). The hydraulic conductivity test was carried out by the falling head permeameter. The results of the hydraulic conductivity test for the three compactive efforts for COCS and EKR soil with 0.05M, 0.1M, 0.15M, & 0.2M cosolvent concentration, revealed that all values, except for COCS soil at 0% optimum moisture content (OMC), were below 1x10?9 m/s, meeting the regulatory threshold for landfill liners and covers in waste containment facilities.

keywords:

Cosolvent, Cosolvent Concentration, Remediation, Hydraulic Conductivity,

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