IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EVALUATION AND PHYSICAL REPORT (IJMEPR )

E-ISSN 2579-0498
P-ISSN 2695-2181
VOL. 8 NO. 6 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijmepr.v8.no6.2024.pg1.7

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An Unknown Electrocardiographic Pattern Producing Sudden Cardiac Death

Francisco R. Breijo-Márquez

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Abstract

In 2008, Professor Breijo-Márquez described an electrocardiographic pattern consisting of the presence of a short PR (or PQ) interval together with a short QT interval in the same individual. It was published under the headline Decreased cardiac electrical systole in the International Journal of Cardiology (IJC) [1]. From then until today, this electrocardiographic pattern is increasingly studied and diagnosed by various cardiologists, both in isolation and as part of other well-known entities in cardiology (to be described below). As is well known, the PR interval on the ECG tracing represents the distance from the onset of atrial depolarization (P wave) to the onset of ventricular depolarization (QRS complex). Normalized values, considered within normal ranges, range from 0.120 milliseconds to 0.200 milliseconds (below the 0.120 millisecond digit is considered short; above the 0.200 millisecond value is considered atrioventricular block)[2]. Similarly, it is also well known that the QT interval includes both ventricular depolarization (QRS complex) and ventricular repolarization; it spans from the beginning of the Q wave (if present) or the beginning of the R wave to the end of the descending branch of the T wave, when this branch reaches the isoelectric line of the electrocardiographic (ECG) tracing. However, at present there are still many discrepancies as to which values should be considered as standard when it comes to the QT interval. The standard values for the length of this interval are not precisely uniform for all authors. For most authors, including us, the values range from 0.360 milliseconds to 0.450 milliseconds (for some authors in women they would be in ranges up to 0.460 milliseconds). The shortening of the PR interval by less than 0.120 milliseconds makes the myocardium more unstable and more prone to cause cardiac electrical disturbances, which can lead to serious arrhythmias that can be life-threatening; the most frequent

keywords:

Breijo electrocardiographic model; PR interval. QT interval. Arrhythmia. Cardiac arrest; sudden cardiac death.

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References:

1.- Breijo-Marquez, FR. Decreased electrical cardiac systole. Int J Cardiol 2008; 126, 2, Pages
e36-e38.

Ward DE, Bexton R, Camm AJ. Characteristics of atrio-His conduction in the short PR interval,
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Gollob MH, Redpath CJ, Roberts JD The short QT syndrome: proposed diagnostic criteria. J Am
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4.- Bjerregaard Preben, Gussak Ihor. Short QT Syndrome Electrical Diseases of the Heart 2013;
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Gussak I; Brugada P, Brugada J et al. Idiopathic short QT interval: a new clinical syndrome?
Cardiology 2000; 94(2): 99.

6.- Antzelevich Charles, Burashnikov Alexander. Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. Electrical
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Breijo-Márquez FR, Ríos MP, Baños MA. Presence of critical stenosis in left anterior descending
coronary artery together with a short P-R and Q-T pattern in the same electrocardiographic
recording. J Electrocardiol 2010; 43(5):422-4.

8.- Breijo-Marquez FR . A Breijo pattern associated with a Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern. J
Cardiol Curr Res 2016; 5(3): 00161.

9.- Breijo-Márquez FR. Sudden cardiac death in a young adult diagnosed with Tietze's syndrome.
Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2009; 17(2):99-103.

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