Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Impact of Economic Volatility on Students’ Academic Achievement in Secondary Schools in Plateau State: The Moderating Role of School Infrastructure and Resources

Bitrus James Pam, Prof. Eggon Henry, Augustine Sambo Azi PhD

Abstract

This study examined the impact of economic volatility on Students’ Academic Achievement in secondary schools in Plateau State, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of School Infrastructure and Resources. Economic volatility was measured using Inflation Rate, Unemployment Rate, Exchange Rate and Government Spending, while Teacher Qualifications and Teacher Experience were included as control variables. A quantitative survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 357 secondary-school teachers across the three senatorial zones of Plateau State using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The findings showed that Inflation Rate, Unemployment Rate, Exchange Rate and Government Spending had no significant direct effects on Students’ Academic Achievement. However, School Infrastructure and Resources and Teacher Experience had positive and statistically significant effects on Students’ Academic Achievement. The moderating analysis revealed that School Infrastructure and Resources significantly strengthened the relationship between Government Spending and Students’ Academic Achievement, while its interactions with Inflation Rate, Unemployment Rate and Exchange Rate were insignificant. The study concludes that school-level resources and teacher experience are more important direct determinants of academic achievement than broad economic volatility indicators. It recommends increased investment in school infrastructure, effective targeting of government education expenditure and retention of experienced teachers. Key Words: Inflation, exchange rate, unemployment, government spending, students' academic performance, Plateau State

Keywords

Inflationexchange rateunemploymentgovernment spendingstudents' academic performancePlateau State

References

Adeoti, Y., & Yinusa, O. (2016). Teachers’ characteristics as determinants of academic performance of junior secondary school students in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 9(5), 1–9. Ashraf, N., Yasin, M., Farid, G., Ahmad, S., & Khaliq, M. T. (2019). The impact of socio- economic characteristics of school teachers on their job performance. Journal of Economic Impact, 1(2), 59–63. Bacher-Hicks, A., Chin, M. J., Kane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2019). An experimental evaluation of three teacher quality measures: Value-added, classroom observations, and student surveys. Economics of Education Review, 73, 101919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.101919 Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. Echor, J., & Lohor, F. K. (2022). Impact of economic recession on secondary school education in Benue State. Lafia Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 7(2), 244–262. García, E., & Han, E. S. (2022). Teachers’ base salary and districts’ academic performance: Evidence from national data. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221082138 Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Pearson. Hanushek, E. A., Piopiunik, M., & Wiederhold, S. (2019). The value of smarter teachers: International evidence on teacher cognitive skills and student performance. Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), 857–899. Hartiwi, H., Kozlova, A. Y., & Masitoh, F. (2020). The effect of certified teachers and principal leadership toward teachers’ performance. International Journal of Educational Review, 2(1), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v2i1.10629 Iwu, C. G., Ezeuduji, I. O., Iwu, I. C., Ikebuaku, K., & Tengeh, R. K. (2018). Achieving quality education by understanding teacher job satisfaction determinants. Social Sciences, 7(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7020025 Joshi, D. R., Khanal, J., & Chapai, K. P. S. (2024). Navigating the impact of the pandemic on teacher competencies: A comparative analysis across economic contexts using pre- and post-COVID-19 PISA data. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101359 Kanya, N., Fathoni, A. B., & Ramdani, Z. (2021). Factors affecting teacher performance. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(4), 1462–1468. Layek, D., & Koodamara, N. K. (2024). Motivation, work experience, and teacher performance: A comparative study. Acta Psychologica, 245, 104217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104217 Lopes, J., & Oliveira, C. (2020). Teacher and school determinants of teacher job satisfaction: A multilevel analysis. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 31(4), 641–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2020.1764593 Marchand, J., & Weber, J. G. (2019). How local economic conditions affect school finances, teacher quality, and student achievement: Evidence from the Texas shale boom. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 39(1), 36–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22171 Nagler, M., Piopiunik, M., & West, M. R. (2020). Weak markets, strong teachers: Recession at career start and teacher effectiveness. Journal of Labor Economics, 38(2), 453–500. https://doi.org/10.1086/705883 Okere, C. O. P., & Wike, R. E. (2022). Management of secondary education in a declining economy and teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools in Rivers State. International Journal of Innovative Social & Science Education Research, 10(4), 45–55. Papay, J. P., Taylor, E. S., Tyler, J. H., & Laski, M. E. (2020). Learning job skills from colleagues at work: Evidence from a field experiment using teacher performance data. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 12(1), 359–388. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170709 Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1–17. Sopandi, A. (2019). Pengaruh kompetensi profesional dan kompetensi kepribadian terhadap kinerja guru. Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 2(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v2i2.58 Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). Harper and Row.

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

Governance Quality and Capital Inflows in Selected Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas)

Author: Ekere, Edobot, Chukwu, Sancho Nwobuisi , Amadi, Sonny Nwonodi , Ewubare, Dennis Brown

Farmer–Herder Crises and Its Implications on Food Security in Sankera, Benue State, Nigeria: An Empirical Mixed-Methods Study

Author: Iorkaan Samuel Kuma, ., Yange Clement Terlumun, ., Bam Clement Liambee, Hubert, Keghnen Katyona, ., Terngu Paul Ugosor

The Cost of Emotional Labour: Implications for Commercializing Human Resource Outcomes in Modern Organizations

Author: Samuel, Ogonda Victor PhD, Uhuru, Goodluck Prince. PhD, Agara Splendorpeace Dunbo PhD