Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Relationship Between Age Proxies and Women Entrepreneurial Participation in Kebbi and Sokoto States of Northwestern, Nigeria

Mulikat Folashade Usman, and Yahaya Zakari

Abstract

The study examines the sectoral assessment of the influence of age proxies on women entrepreneurial participation in Kebbi and Sokoto States of North- Western Nigeria. The effect of the three age parameters namely AL (Age Limit), AG (Age Group) and YEE (Year of Experience), were examined on women entrepreneurial participation in the wholesale retail, agriculture, education, manufacturing and processing and hospitality sectors. A sample of 500 women entrepreneurs were selected using stratified and purposive sampling techniques, a multinomial logistic regression was utilized to test the study hypothesis. The study found that AG has positive significant influence in education and manufacturing/processing sectors examined in Kebbi and Sokoto States of North-western Nigeria relative to agriculture, AL has negative significance influence only in agriculture sector. YEE has negative influence in agriculture and education sectors. Also, only AG has positive influence women entrepreneurial participation in the manufacturing/processing. However, all the parameters do not predict women entrepreneurial participation in the hospitality sector. This study therefore recommended that Government and policy makers should introduce entrepreneurship courses at undergraduate level which will reduce the burden of unemployment on the government after graduation. Government should also organize experienced women entrepreneurs to train the younger ones so that they can gain more knowledge or additional skills.

Keywords

Women entrepreneurEntrepreneurial participationAge ProxiesSectors.

References

Adeoye, A. (2010). Nigeria’s 65m informal workers deserve a union, Nairobi, Kenya: African Economic Research Consortium International House. Retrieved from http://thenationonlineng.net/web3/business/3111.html Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decision Process 50, 179– 211. doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Bates, T. (1997). Race, Self-Employment, and Upward Mobility. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. Blanchflower, D., G., (2004). Self-employment: more may not be better, NBER Working paper No.10286. Blanchflower, D.G. (2000). Self-employment in OECD countries. Labour Economics 7, 471-505. Brieger Steven A., Baro Anne, Criaco Giuseppe and Terjesen Siri A. (2021) Entrepreneurs age, institutions and social value creation goals: Amulti – country study. Small Bus Econ (2021) 57, 425 – 453. https://doi, org/10.1007//s 11187 – 020 -00317-z Boden, R. J. Jr., (1999). Flexible working hours, family responsibilities and female self- employment: gender differences in self-employment selection. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 55(1), 71-88. Carree, M., van Stel, A., Thurik, R. and Wennekers, S. (2002). Economic development and business ownership: an analysis using data of 23 OECD countries in the period 1976-1996. Small Business Economics, 19(3), 271-290. Cheng, L. J., and Liao, C. C. (2017). The drivers of entrepreneurial intention: the role of social capital and overconfidence. Contemp. Manag. Res. 13:17589. doi: 10.7903/cmr.17589. Contreras, F., De Dreu , I., and Espinosa, J. C. (2017a). Examining the relationship between psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention: an exploratory study. Asian Soc. Sci. 13, 80–88. doi: 10.5539/ass.v13n3p80. Dane, S., & Daniel, F. S. (2013). The Age of the Entrepreneur: Demographics and Entrepreneurship. IIIJ Innovation and Communication, Menlo Park, USA. i4j Summit March 2013. Dharmendra, K. (2014). Socio–Cultural Influence on Women Entrepreneurs: A Study of Uttarakhand State. Int. J. of Trade and Commerce- IIARTC, 3(1). Eliana Carranza, Chandra Dhakal and Inessa Love (2018 ) Female Entrepreneurs: How and Why are the different?. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA. Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org. Ephrem, A. N., Namatovu, R., and Basalirwa, E.M. (2019). Perceived social norms, psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in Bukavu. Educ. Training. 2018:212. doi: 10.1108/ET-10-2018-0212. Felicia Siegrist (2022) Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We –Fi) Worldbankgroup. Org Website: www.we-fi.org Folashade, M. U., Sabo, A. & Muhammad, S. (2019). Influence of Education on the Participation of Women Entrepreneurs. International Journal of Economics and Busines,s 6(1), 5-13. Ge, T., Abbas, J., Ullah, R., Abbas, A., Sadiq, I., and Zhang, R. (2022) Women’s Entrepreneurial Contribution to Family income: Innovative Technologies Promote Females Entrepreneurship amid COVID- 19 Crisis. Front. Psychol. 13, 1-10. JBAE Gielnik, M. M., Zacher, H. and Wang, M. (2018) Age in the Entrepreneurial Process: The Role of Future Time Perspective and Prior Entrepreneurial Experience. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(10), 1067-1085. https//doi. Org/10.1037/apl0000322. James, L., Hui, W., & Edward, P. L. (2014). Demographics and Entrepreneurship. Retrieved from http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/econ/workshop/Fall2014/Lazear_Labor_paper.pdf Johannisson, B. (1998). Personal networks in emerging knowledge-based firms: Spatial and functional patterns. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 10(4): 297–312. Julian, L., Edward, M., Ian, M., Joel, M., & William, B. (2016). Born lucky? A study of the birthdates and ages of paradigm-shifting entrepreneurs. Retrieved from http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php Khan M. Shafqat, Rehman. Muqaddas, Rehman A. Chaudhary (2016) Work experience and entrepreneurship: Evidence from various industries of Pakistan. Sci.Int , 28 (1), 571-583 ISsN 1013- 5316 ; CODEN: SINTE 8. Levesque M. and Minniti, M. (2006). The effect of aging on entrepreneurial behaviour. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(2): 177–194. Mueller, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship in the Region: Breeding Ground for Nascent Entrepreneurs. In Small Business Economics, 27, 574-585. Nawaz, F. (2009). Critical Factors of Women Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Bangladesh. In Bangladesh Development Research Working Paper Series . Bangladesh Development Research Center . Retrieved May 5, 2009 Nchimbi, M. I. (2002). Gender and entrepreneurship in Tanzania: A comparative analysis of male- female’s start-up motivation, individual characteristics and perceptions of business success. Doctoral dissertation, University of Dares Salaam. Okafor, C., & Mordi, C. (2010). Women Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria: the Effect of Environmental Factors. In Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti BULLETIN, Economic Sciences Series., 62(4), 79-92. Parker, S. C. (2004). The economics of self-employment and entrepreneurship. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Parker, S. C. (2009). The Economics of Entrepreneruship. Cambridge University Press. Praag, C. M., & Ophem, H. (1995). Determinants of willingness and opportunity to start as an entrepreneur. Kyklos, 48(4), 513- 540 Quang Hung Do and The Tuan Tran (2020) Examining the influence of age and gender on entrepreneurship in Vietnaml . Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business. 7 (10) 193 -199. Reynolds, P. D. (2005). Understanding Business Creation: Serendipity and Scope in Two Decades of Business Creation Studies.Small Business Economics, 24(4), 234-245. Simon, R., & Shepherd, D. (2014). The Role of Gender and Education on Small Business Performance in the South African Small Enterprise Sector. MCSER Publishing, Rome- Italy. doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n9p104 Stefanovic and Stosic (2012). Age and Education As Determinants of Entrepreneurship.Economics and Organization 9 (3) 327—339. Suzana, S., & Danijela, S. (2012). Age and education as determinants of entrepreneurship. Retrieved from Economics and Organization: http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/eao/eao 201203/ eao201203-04.pdf Tundui, H. P. (2012). Gender and Small Business Growth in Tanzania: The Role of Hibitus: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, 161pp. JBAE Usman M.F, and Umar M.S (2019). Social Networking and Women Entrepreneurial Participation in Sokoto State- NorthWest Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 7(7), 67-74. Zivkovic, J. (2014).Participation of Women Entrepreneurs in Northern Nigeria. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS),19(1), 95-104.

More Articles from JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND AFRICAN ECONOMY

Government Tax Policies and Economic Performance in Nigeria

Author: Jones Ebidouwei and Prof. Andabai, Priye Werigbelegha, Ph.D

Fiscal Policy, Institutional Quality, and Economic Growth in West African Countries

Author: Ernest Simeon Odior, PhD, Saheed Atanda, Owoh Fidelis Chukwura

Electricity Consumption and Standard of Living: Evidence from Selected African Countries

Author: Chioma Ogazile WOKE, Victor AKIDI Chukwuemeka S. R. OZUZU

Mineral Production and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Nigeria

Author: Onyeoyibo, Lawrence, Njoku, K.C. Nwikina, C. G.