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The Strait of Hormuz and the Geopolitics of Energy Security: International Relations Implications of the US-Iran Conflict

ThankGod Festus Lilly-Inia1, Tommy Enodienetuk Enodien2, and Chimezie Chukwuemeka, Eze3

Abstract

The Strait of Hormuz is a vital strategic chokepoint within the global energy system due to its geographical position and the substantial quantity of oil and natural gas transported through it. Its importance to international energy supplies also makes it susceptible to geopolitical tensions, especially conflicts between states with competing strategic and national interests. The objectives of the study were to examine the geopolitical escalation and strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz and to analyse the strategic role of the Strait of Hormuz in the Iran–Israel– U.S. conflict. The study adopted the Realist Theory propounded by Morgenthau in 1948. The study adopted a documentary research design and relied on secondary data obtained from sources such as academic books, journal articles, official government publications, reports of international organisations, policy documents, conference papers, and dependable online materials. The study found that the Strait of Hormuz functioned not only as a major channel for global energy transportation but also as a source of geopolitical leverage during the Iran– Israel–U.S. conflict. Iran’s capacity to threaten or regulate maritime traffic strengthened its strategic bargaining position and generated broader energy-security concerns, especially for major Asian countries dependent on energy imports. The study concluded that the Strait of Hormuz remained a vital element of global energy security and a major centre of geopolitical rivalry. The tensions involving the United States, Iran, and Israel increased threats to the movement of energy resources, contributed to instability in international oil markets, and enhanced the strategic importance of controlling or influencing the Strait. The study recommended that the major energy-importing countries, particularly Asian states, should diversify their sources of energy supply and strengthen alternative transportation routes. This would reduce their dependence on the Strait of Hormuz and improve their capacity to manage future disruptions arising from geopolitical conflicts. Key words: Energy security, Strait of Hormuz, conflict, strategic chokepoint, global energy system

Keywords

Energy securityStrait of Hormuzconflictstrategic chokepointglobal energy system

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