Work Environment, Career Development, and Turnover Intention Among Academic Staff in Selected Private Universities in Southwest, Nigeria

Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). Employee turnover intention and job satisfaction. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 7(6), 22–30. Aliu, F. O., & Babatunde, H. A. (2023). Employee compensation management and organizational performance of selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 7(2), 196–207. Aliu, F. O., Osanebi, C., & Adeoye, R. (2023). Importance of compensation management on organizational productivity: A conceptual and theoretical analysis. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovation, 11(2), 227–238. Alipour, H., Aslani, A., & Rahimi, A. (2013). Examining the relationship of sales manager’s leadership styles and employee’s job satisfaction at Daroupakhsh Company. Singaporean Journal of Business, Economics and Management Studies, 1(10), 1–10. Ajadi, T. O. (2010). Private universities in Nigeria—the challenges ahead. American Journal of Scientific Research, 7, 15–24. Awal, R., Kumar, B., Saha, P., & Saha, A. (2020). Employees’ job satisfaction, job alternatives, and turnover intention: Evidence from private banks, Bangladesh. Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges, 10(72), 67–75. Awomuse, O. F., & Babalola, Y. T. (2024). Exploring professional competence and turnover intention: Insights from information professionals in tertiary institutions in South-West, Nigeria. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Science, Technology and Innovation, 3(1), 1–12. Bello, A. T., & Bello, A. O. (2024). Determinants of academic staff job satisfaction in Nigerian tertiary institutions. African Journal of Human Resource Development, 12(1), 64–79. Bello, M. B., & Bello, Y. O. (2024). Mediating role of employees' turnover intention on the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance in the hotel industry in Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Business Management, 7(3), 1–18. Elfios, E., Asale, I., Merkine, M., Geta, T., Ashager, K., Nigussie, G., Agena, A., Atinafu, B., Israel, E., & Tesfaye, T. (2024). Turnover intention and its associated factors among nurses in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 24, 662. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10662-7 Ememandu, E. C., Emerole, G. A., & Dialoke, I. (2024). Effects of management decisions on employees’ turnover in selected local government councils in Imo State, Nigeria. , 10(4), 127–152. Guyo, A. T. (2023). The relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions among faculty members in Ethiopian higher education institutions. Indonesian Psychological Research, 5(2), 78–85. Hamzat, A. K., Abata-Ebire, B. D., Ogunjinmi, A. A., & Babarinde, T. M. (2020). Employee turnover and organizational performance: Evidence from Nigerian universities. Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(4), 47–56. Islam, T., Ahmad, U. N. U., Ali, G., Ahmed, I., & Bowra, Z. A. (2013). Turnover intentions: The influence of organizational learning culture and multi foci citizenship behaviors. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 16(6), 792–801. Jehanzeb, K., & Mohanty, J. (2018). Impact of human resource practices on job satisfaction: Evidence from higher education institutions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(3), 47–59. Jabareen, Y. (2009). Building a conceptual framework: Philosophy, definitions, and procedure. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(4), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800406 Jiang, L., Wider, W., Ye, G., Tee, M., Hye, A. K. M., Lee, A., Cloyd, J., & Tanucan, M. (2024). Exploring the factors of employee turnover intentions in private education institutions in China: A Delphi study. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2345678 Khan, A. G., Salam, A., & Islam, N. (2017). Effect of working environment on employee performance of banking industry: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Jessore University of Science and Technology, 2(1), 52–60. Liu, R., & Hadziroh, I. (2024). Relationships between leadership style, career development, work stress, and turnover intention in a high-tech industry: Moderating role of psychological contract. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(4), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(4).2024.21 Magaji, N., Owolabi, T., Ibhiedu, A., Otegbade, T., & Adedokun, A. (2025). Talent management and employee retention in Nigeria deposit money bank: Evidence from Abeokuta, Ogun State. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 15(2), 324–346. Mather, M. F., & Bam, N. E. (2025). Factors influencing academic staff satisfaction and retention in higher education: A literature review. European Journal of Education, 60, e70025. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70025 Mohamad, S. (2021). The impact of work environment on employees’ performance. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 3(1), 78–101. Mutua, J. (2022). Academic staff turnover and its implications for private universities in Africa. African Journal of Higher Education Policy, 10(1), 77–95. Nandaa, M., & Randhaw, G. (2020). Emotional intelligence, work-life balance, and work-related well-being: A proposed mediation model. International Journal of Theory & Practice, 11(2), 1–19. Ntenga, E., & Awuor, E. (2018). Employee retention factors in private organizations: A case study of higher education institutions. Journal of Human Resource Studies, 6(4), 25–36. Ngamsan, J. S., & Mall, Y. I. (2023). Impact assessment of training and development in Nigeria university system for job satisfaction and academic staff retention. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 7(2), 1076–1087. Odunukwe, I. E., Mbah, S. I., & Ngige, C. D. (2024). Emotional intelligence and performance of academic staff in federal universities in South East, Nigeria. Research Journal of Management Practice, 4(5), 29–57. Oladele, O., Ndlovu, T., & Spangenberg, H. (2023). Understanding turnover intention among academic staff in African universities. African Journal of Management Research, 18(1), 101–117. Olusegun, S. O. (2013). Influence of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of library personnel in selected universities in South West Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 914, 1–12. Oseni, A. (2015). Private universities in Nigeria: Issues and challenges. International Journal of Education and Practice, 3(5), 218–223 Otuza, C. O., Akintayo, O. A., & Alegbeleye, O. A. (2021). Influence of information culture on job satisfaction of university registry personnel in South-West, Nigeria. Information Impact: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 12(2), 1–16. Pitaloka, V., Bagis, F., Suyoto, & Handayani, E. (2023). Turnover intention among nurses caused by work environment factors and work-family conflict. Global Scientific and Academic Research Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2583-5645(47), 47–55. Salem, M., Van Quaquebeke, N., & Besiou, M. (2022). Aid worker adaptability in humanitarian operations: Interplay of prosocial motivation and authoritarian leadership. Production and Operations Management, 31(11). Saltik, Z. (2023). Behavioral approaches to leadership. In Leadership Approaches in Global Hospitality and Tourism. IGI Global. Samuel, T. D., Onuoha, U. D., & Ojo, I. A. (2014). Job satisfaction and organisational commitment: A study of library personnel in private universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Open Access Library Journal, 1, e687. Tanko, D. B., Gambo, N., & Abubakar, H. S. (2025). Employee retention strategies and organizational performance in Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue Service Abuja. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 13(2), 16–32. Udem, O. K., & Bassey, M. G. (2024). Job satisfaction as correlate of job performance of library staff in Federal University libraries in South-East, Nigeria. African Journal of Educational Management, Teaching and Entrepreneurship Studies, 12(1), 210–226. Udenta, A. (2016). Faculty turnover in Nigerian private universities: Causes and consequences. Nigerian Journal of Higher Education, 12(2), 56–70. Utin, S. Y. N. H. (2019). The model of employee performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 5. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8025 Virtanen, P., & Parpala, A. (2023). The role of teaching processes in turnover intentions, risk of burnout, and stress during COVID-19: A case study among Finnish university teacher educators. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1066380. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1066380 Wenyan, Y., Arshad, M. N., & Chenshu, Y. (2024). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover intention: A literature review. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 13(1), 254–271. Yingjun, Z. H. (2019). Impact of workplace environment on employee performance: Mediating role of employee health. Pakistan Business Management and Economics Engineering. https://doi.org/10.3846/bme.2019.10379 Youcef, S., Ahmed, S. S., & Ahmed, B. (2016). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention by the existence of organizational commitment, and intent to stay as intermediates variables using PLS approach in sample worker department of transport Saida. Management, 6(6), 198–202. Zhou, H., & Ma, J. (2022). Organizational justice and teachers’ turnover intention in primary and secondary schools: The importance of sustainable salary management. Sustainability, 14(20), 13314.