Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Principal Leadership Styles and their Correlation with Teacher Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools in Bayelsa and Delta States
Abstract
The aim of this research was to explore the link between different principal leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and teacher job satisfaction in public secondary schools located in Bayelsa and Delta States, Nigeria. The study investigated how these leadership styles influenced teacher satisfaction and aimed to identify which leadership style most strongly predicts teacher job satisfaction. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the research process. The study involved 587 principals and teachers from selected secondary schools in Bayelsa and Delta States. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select a sample, which included 311 teachers and 22 principals from Delta State, along with 241 teachers and 13 principals from Bayelsa State. Data were collected using the Leadership Styles and Teacher Job Satisfaction Questionnaire , which was based on existing literature. The questionnaire was validated by experts and tested for reliability, yielding Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.86 for leadership styles and 0.71 for job satisfaction. The data were analyzed using the coefficient of determination (R2) to address the research questions, and linear and multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that transformational leadership had the most significant positive effect on teacher job satisfaction, explaining 79% of the variance in Delta State and 72% in Bayelsa State. Transactional leadership also showed a positive influence, while laissez-faire leadership had a negative impact on teacher job satisfaction. In conclusion, the study highlighted the critical role of transformational leadership in boosting teacher satisfaction. It recommends that school administrators focus on training in transformational leadership, integrate transactional leadership practices, minimize laissez-faire behaviors, and develop comprehensive leadership development programmes.
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