Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Employees’ Motivational Needs and Organizational Performance in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Sunday Edet Otukonyong, ., Aniediabasi James Udom PhD, Anietie E Ekang PhD, Joshua Christopher Ekpouko, Ima Tommy Nseyen

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of employees’ motivational needs, based on Maslow’s hierarchy, on organizational performance in Akwa Ibom State, using Royalty Hotels and Recreation, Eket, with a sample size of 120 employees. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to test the influence of motivational needs on performance. The results showed that all the five dimensions of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Physiological needs, Safty needs, Social needs, Esteem needs ans selt-actualization) significantly and positively affect organizational performance. Physiological needs (B = 0.221, p = 0.000) enhanced perfo6rmance through wages and conducive work conditions, while safety needs (B = 0.188, p = 0.000) emphasized job security and workplace safety. Social needs (B = 0.145, p = 0.004) improved teamwork and belonging, esteem needs (B = 0.172, p = 0.000) boosted recognition and productivity, and self- actualization (B = 0.164, p = 0.003) fostered growth and creativity. This study concludes that addressing employees’ needs across all levels is essential for organizational success and recommends management adopt integrated motivational strategies that align with Maslow’s framework. P-ISSN 2695-186X

Keywords

Employee motivationMaslow’s hierarchy of needsorganizational performanceOrganizational Performance.

References

Adewale, A. A., Adeyemo, A. A., & Lawal, S. B. (2024). Effect of employee’s satisfaction on performance of Nigerian microfinance banks. The Journal of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: International Relations. Economics. Country Studies. Tourism, (19), 36-46. Abga, M. M., & Bello, M. F. (2023). Career progression and workers’ motivation in the Nigerian public service. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, 8(5), 52-63. Akinbo, T. M., & Ogah, S. (2025). Transforming Public Service Performance through Training and Development: A Study of Nigerian Government Agencies. The Business & Management Review, 16(2), 119-132. Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). An empirical study of employees’ motivation and its influence job satisfaction. Ali, BJ, & Anwar, G.(2021). An Empirical Study of Employees’ Motivation and its Influence Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 5(2), 21-30. Dhir, S., Tandon, A., & Dutta, T. (2024). Spotlighting employee-organization relationships: The role of organizational respect and psychological capital in organizational performance through organizational-based self-esteem and perceived organizational membership. Current Psychology, 43(22), 19964-19975. Ekang, A. E., & Emilia, E. E. (2023). Influence of Principals’ Coercive Power on Job Performance among Secondary School Teachers in Eket Educational Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Science Education and Humanities, 7(2). Ekang, A. E. (2023). Management of Change and Innovation in the Nigerian Public Service. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 4(4), 107-118. Essien, J. M., Ekang, A. E., & Okpon, U. M. NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND PRINCIPALS’ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AKWA IBOM NORTH-EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT. Peer Reviewed Journal Vol. 3 No 1 January-June, 2024, 90. Eze, I. G. (2025). THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION ON OVERALL ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY. Global Multidisciplinary Journal of Real Estate, Property and Urban Economics, 1(1), 11-18. Gil-Flórez, A., Llorens, S., Acosta-Antognoni, H., & Salanova, M. (2022). Basic psychological needs at work: Their relationship with psychological well-being and healthy organisational outcomes with a gender perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 3103. Ihensekien, O. A., & Joel, A. C. (2023). Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor motivation theories: Implications for organizational performance. The Romanian Economic Journal, 85(1), 133-146. Joshua Christopher, E., Kingsley Lazurus, U., & Aarron Akpan, U. (2025). Crisis Management on Organisational Resilience in Manufacturings Firms in Akwa Ibom State. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 9(1), 791-805. Khan, S. K., Sohail, A., & Ali, N. (2024). Leadership Dynamics and Organizational Performance: The Critical Role of Employee Motivation in SMEs. Global Management Sciences Review, 9(2), 13-22. P-ISSN 2695-186X Li, J., Irina, Y. Y., Yang, M. X., & Chen, S. (2022). How needs for belongingness and justice influence social identity and performances: Evidence from the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 366-374. Marpaung, I. A., Tiffani, D. A., Sopan, M. E., & Leonando, T. P. (2024). The Influence Of Self- Actualization And Personality Type On Organizational Behavior And Employee Performance. Review: Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 1(02), 16-24. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346 Matira, K. M., & Awolusi, O. D. (2020). Leaders and managers styles towards employee centricity: a study of hospitality industry in United Arab Emirates. Information Management and Business Review, 12(1), 1-21. Nkrumah, E. N. K., Liu, S., Doe Fiergbor, D., & Akoto, L. S. (2021). Improving the safety– performance nexus: A study on the moderating and mediating influence of work motivation in the causal link between occupational health and safety management practices and work performance in the oil and gas sector. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(10), 5064. Omodan, B. I. (2022). Analysis of' Hierarchy of Needs' as a strategy to enhance academics retention in South African universities. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(3), 366-376. Taneva, T. (2023). REVISIONS TO MASLOW'S HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 21. Udom, A. J., &Ekpouko, J. C. (2024). Navigating Success: The Impact of Social Media Strategies on Small and Medium-Scale Businesses in IkotEkpene, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. International journal of Innovation in Marketing Elements, 4(1), 39-58. Wemimo, O. O. (2021). Employee motivation on organizational performance: A case study in Nigeria.

More Articles from IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT