Security Dynamics and Socio-Economic Development in South-East, Nigeria: A Case of Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) Sit-At-Home Order
Abstract
An environment devoid of security threat is not only needed for human existence but also a critical factor that determines the Social economic development of every country, region or state. The study hopes to examine the effect of Indigenous People of Biafra sit-at-home order on the socio-economic development in South east Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated to ascertain if there are significant relationships existing between the two intervening variables. Survey research design was adopted and structured questionnaire was designed in order to be used to obtain data. The data were analyzed using chi square statistic. The result of the analysis revealed that the Indigenous People of Biafra sit-at-home order has significantly affected socio economic activity as well as human security in the South east, Nigeria. Arising from the findings, it was concluded that if something is not done urgently, economic growth and development as well as human security in the South east, Nigeria will continue to be in jeopardy. The article majorly recommends among others that the government in the South east, Nigeria should encourage inter agencies cooperation and work synergy among security agencies through intelligence gathering and sharing.
Keywords
Indigenous People of BiafraHuman SecuritySit-at-home orderSouth-eastEconomic growthSecurity agency.
References
Akpan, S. (2021, December), IPOB says no sit-at-home in South –East as Kanu’s trials resumes Thursday. The cable. Retrieved from https://www.thecable.ng/ipob-no-sit-at-home-in- south-east-on-thursday-when-kanu-is-expected-in-court/amp on December 8, 2021 Allison, S. (2017, October). Mystery of the missing Biafran Separatis. Mailand Guardian. Retrieved from https//mg.co.za/article/2017-10-16-00-mystery-of-the missing-biafran-separatist-1/on November, 29, 2021. Abada. 1. M.. Omeh. P.H. & Okoye, I.R. (2021). Separatist agitation by the Indigenous People of Biafra , and national question in Nigeria. Journal of Political Science. Public and international Affairs, 2(1), 9-17. Anoke, A.F., Osita, C.F., Eze, S.U., & Muogbo,. U.S. (2021). Business perception as a strategy for sustaining entrepreneurship in the face of insurgency in Niger State of Nigeria. International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis, 4(10); 1353-1360. Bellu, L. (2011). Development and development paradigms. A (reasoned) review of prevailing visions. FAO Issue Papers, Module 102. Chojnicki, Z. (2010). Socio-economic development and its axiological aspects. Questiones Geographicae. 29(2). 30- 48 Ekpo, C. and Agorye (2019). The Indigenous people of Biafra and the setting of the Jubril Al-Sudani Agenda: A qualitative review of a failed securitization move. Elem, E.O. (2018).l Sustainable security of Nigeria through poverty eradication; Issues and challenges. South East Journal of Political Science. 4 (2), 265-277. Ipob-exploiting –the-docility-of-igbo (2021). Retrieved from: vanguardngr.com.ipob exploiting the –docility-of-igbo. Ipob-sit-at-home-order (2021). Retrieved from www.vanguardngr.com.confusion-over Ipob sit- at-home-order. Jacob, U.H; Nwobi, I.O & Igboji, C.D (2020). The Biafran state and the rise of IPOB; A crack on Nigeria’s national integration. Social science journal, 9(1). 40-44. Doi: 10.1164ig.SS.20200901.15. Kwaiwu, C. (2016). September, 23). IPOGB sit at home records total compliance in Onitsha, Nnewi. Vanguard Nespaper. Retrieved from Https//www.vanguardngr.com /2016/09/ipob-sit-home-protest-records-total-compliance-onitsha-nnewi-thanks-general- public. Kingsley, C. Obi. C. B. & Oham, P. C. (2022). The ills of IPOB sit at home and it's Implication on the economy of the South-East Geo-Political zone of Nigeria IEEE-SEM, 10(4), 17- 18. Mark, K.C. Obi; Obi, C.B & Oham, P.C (2022). The ills of IPOB sit-at-home and its implication on the economy of the southeast geo-political zone of Nigeria. IEEE-SEM Publication, 10(40). 11-18. Nowbashi 2018, H.N. & Elem, E.O. (2018). Rural security governance and public safety in selected rural communities of Ebonyi State Nigeria. South East Journal of Political Science 4(2), 129-145. Nwangwu, C. (2021, October). NNAMDI KANU: IPOB says no sit-at-home Monday, Tuesday, Metro News. Retrieved from https/www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/Nnamdi-Kanu-Ipob- says-no-sit-at-home-Monday-Tuesday/amp/December 4,2021. Nwangwu. C. (2018). Ako-na-uche versus Nzoghu-Nzugbu: interrogating the rupture between Igbo Elite and their humpen in Igbo nationalism. Enugu: AfriHeritage Research Working Paper Series Ofoma, C.V (2022). Unemployment and youth restiveness in Southeastern Nigeria (2010-2022) Cross Cultural Communication, 18(4), 56-63. DOI: 10.3968/12864 Ojukwu. C. C., Nwaorgu, O. G. F., & Thompson, O. (). (2016). United we fall, divided we stand: Resuscitation of the Biafran state secession and the national question conundrum. JORIND, 14(1) 14. Okali. D. Okpara E., & Olawoye, J. (2001). Profile of South-Eastern Nigeria and description of the study area report title: The case of Aba and its region, Southeastern Nigeria Report International Institute for Environment and Development URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/restep01762.5 Okafor, T. (2019). Biafra sit-at-home: Total Shutdown in S-East. Vanguard Newspaper. Orugun J.J., & Nafiu, A.T (2014). An exploration study of Igbo Enterprise Activity and Business success in Nigeria as the Penacca for Economic Growth and Development. International journal of scientific & technology Research, 3(9). 158-165. Osita, F.C, Anoke, A. F & nEze, S. U. (2022). Mandatory sit-at-home order by the indigenous. Owoeye, D. I: Ezeanya, V. E & Obiegbunam, N. G (2022). Separatists’ strategy; appraising the effects of IPOB Monday sit-at-home order on political economy (socio-political and economic activities) of the south-east region of Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research 8(1), 93-108, 12 Retrieved from https//www.researchgate.net/publication/333488424 on December, 19, 2021. Okoye, C.U. (2021 September). South-East sit-at-home: which way to go? Vanguard Nigeria. Retrieved from https//www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/south-east-sit-at-home-which way-way to go/amp/on December 30,2021. People of Biafra and Economic Activities in South East, Nigeria International Journal of Economic, Business and Management Research. 6(7).l Retrieved from https/www.reserachgate.net publication/361742039 on June 04, 2023. Premium Times (2018) Amnesty International accuses Nigeria Security Forces of widespread abuses, https://www. premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/259311-amnesty- international-accuses-nigerian-security-forces-widespread-abuses.html. Sahara Reporters (2021, November). South-East pupils Shun Schools on Monday despite IPOB’s cancellation of sit-at-home order. Retrieved from http;//saharareporters.com/2021/11/15/South-East-Pupils-Shun-Schools-Monday- despite-ipob “s-can on December 10,2021 This day (2021, September) Pitfalls of IPOB’s Sit at home” Strategy. This day live Retrieved from www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/09/pitfalls-of-Ipob-sit-at-home-strategy/ on December, 29, 2021. The Guardian . Retrieved from guardian.ng/news/southeast-shuts-down-as-residents- obey-ipobs-sit-at-home-order/on December, 15, 2021 International Journal of Advanced Academic Research / ISSN: 2488-9849 Vol. 8, Issue 1 (January, 2022) / www.ijaar.org 108. Toruno, M. (2003). Encyclopedia of Political Economy. Retrieved from https//web.archive.org/web on December 23, 2021 Vanguard News Nigeria (2021, May). Ipob Sit-at-home order cripples socio-economic activities in South-East Metro. Retrieved from www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/ipob-sit-at-home-order-cripples-socio-economic- activities-in-south-east/amp/on December 16, 2021. Weingast, B. and Wittman, D. (2008). The Oxford Handbook of political economy. Oxford UP. Retrieved from https://boks.google.com.ng on December 25,2021. Stemplowski, R. (1987). Rozwój jako przedmiot dyskusji Rozwoju Warszawa Tribune (2022). The South-East and IPOB's Sit-At-Home Conundrum. Retrieved from:https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-south-east-and-ipobs-sit-at-home-conundrum/ Ugorji, B. (2017). Indigenous People of Biafra A revitalized social movement. New York: ICERM Publishers. UNDP (2012) Krajowy raport of rozwoju spolecznym. Polska. Rozwol regionalny lokalny. Retrieved 21.03.2017 from hop www.euroreg.uw.edu.pl.
More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Building National Analytics Capacity: Advances and Future Pathways
Author: Uchechi Mary-Linda Unamma, Ifeanyichukwu Jeffrey Okwesa, Uzoamaka Iwuanyanwu
Root-Cause and Thematic Analysis for Major Incident Management: A Review
Author: Ifeanyichukwu Jeffrey Okwesa, Uchechi Mary-Linda Unamma, Uzoamaka Iwuanyanwu
Data-Quality and Single-Source-Of-Truth Frameworks for Inter- Agency Reporting: A Review
Author: Uchechi Mary-Linda Unamma, Ifeanyichukwu Jeffrey Okwesa, Uzoamaka Iwuanyanwu
Human-In-The-Loop Decision Systems: Advances and Future Directions
Author: Funmilayo Ashore-Onisemo, Uchechi Mary-Linda Unamma, Ifeanyichukwu Jeffrey, Okwesa,
Roles of Oil Subsidy Removal on Transportation Cost and Water Factory in Cross River South, Nigeria
Author: Onwuzurike Peter Tobechi, Owoh Akwa Owoh, Unoh Grace Inyang, Umaru Musa