Beyond Financial Ratios: An Analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Factors Driving Management-Auditor Divergence in Going Concern Reporting

Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589–609. Bauer, T. D., Estep, C., & Hales, J. (2024). The persistence of reputational spillovers: Evidence from financial restatements and auditor skepticism. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 77(1), 101–125. Beaver, W. H. (1966). Financial ratios as predictors of failure. Journal of Accounting Research, 4, 71–111. Behn, B. K., Kaplan, S. E., & Krumwiede, K. R. (2001). Further evidence on the auditor’s going- concern report: The influence of management plans. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 20(1), 13–33. Bell, T. B., Landsman, W. R., & Shackelford, D. A. (2005). Auditing, auditing research, and the future of the accounting profession. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 24(s-1), 1– 5. Blay, A. D., & Geiger, M. A. (2013). Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisions. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(2), 579–606. Bruynseels, L., & Knechel, W. R. (2008). The effect of partner succession on client reporting decisions. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 27(2), 1–17. Carcello, J. V., & Neal, T. L. (2000). Audit committee composition and auditor reporting. The Accounting Review, 75(4), 453–467. Carey, P., & Simnett, R. (2006). Audit partner tenure and audit quality. The Accounting Review, 81(3), 653–676. Carson, E., Fargher, N., Geiger, M. A., Lennox, C. S., & Raghunandan, K. (2013). Audit reporting for going-concern uncertainty: A research synthesis. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(sp1), 353–384. Cohen, J., Krishnamoorthy, G., & Wright, A. M. (2004). The corporate governance mosaic and financial reporting quality. Journal of Accounting Literature, 23, 87–152. Dechow, P. M., Ge, W., Larson, C. R., & Sloan, R. G. (2011). Predicting material accounting misstatements. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(1), 17–82. DeFond, M. L., & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2–3), 275–326. Dhaliwal, D., Li, O. Z., & Yang, Y. (2022). Corporate sustainability and going concern opinions. The Accounting Review, 97(4), 431–457. Frost, C. A. (1994). The economic consequences of going concern audit reports. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 21(1), 123–139. Geiger, M. A., Raghunandan, K., & Riccardi, W. (2014). The global financial crisis: U.S. bankruptcies and going-concern audit opinions. Accounting Horizons, 28(1), 59–75. Gul, F. A., Wu, D., & Yang, Z. (2023). Board governance and audit quality: Evidence from going concern opinions. Contemporary Accounting Research, 40(2), 1120–1153. Hayne, C. (2023). Integrating agency theory and behavioral auditing: New directions for audit research. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 42(3), 1–25. Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. Johnson-Rokosu, S. F. (2025). Impact of Going Concern Uncertainty on Financial Statement Quality: Management vs. Auditors’ Perspectives. Asian Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 7(1), 754–771. Knechel, W. R., & Vanstraelen, A. (2007). The relationship between auditor tenure and audit quality implied by going concern opinions. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 26(1), 113–131. Knechel, W. R., Thomas, E., & Driskill, M. (2023). Understanding professional skepticism in a complex auditing environment. Accounting Horizons, 37(2), 1–23. Krishnan, G. V., Myllymäki, E. R., & Nagar, N. (2021). Does the COVID-19 pandemic affect going concern assessments? Accounting Horizons, 35(3), 1–21. Lennox, C. S., & Li, C. (2022). Going concern opinions and corporate governance in the post- pandemic era. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 41(3), Article 106932. Libby, R., & Luft, J. (1993). Determinants of judgment performance in accounting settings: Knowledge, motivation, and environment. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 18(5), 425–450. Mutchler, J. F. (1984). The influence of contingency factors on the going-concern opinion. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 3(2), 55–70. Mutchler, J. F., Hopwood, W., & McKeown, J. M. (1997). The influence of contrary information and mitigating factors on audit opinion decisions on bankrupt companies. Journal of Accounting Research, 35(2), 295–310. Nelson, M. W. (2009). A model and literature review of professional skepticism in auditing. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 28(2), 1–34. Perkins, M., Jansen, A., & Smith, T. (2024). Artificial intelligence in going concern assessments: Current applications and future directions. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 21(1), 89–104. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. (2017). AS 2415: Consideration of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. https://pcaobus.org/oversight/standards/auditing- standards/details/AS2415 Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. (2023). Strategic plan: Protecting investors through innovation and enhanced oversight. https://pcaobus.org/about/strategic-plan Securities and Exchange Commission. (2022). Modernization of board diversity disclosures (Release Nos. 33-11198). https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/final/2022/33- 11198.pdf Trotman, K. T., Tan, H. C., & Ang, N. (2011). Fifty-year overview of judgment and decision- making research in accounting. Accounting & Finance, 51(1), 53–87. Zmijewski, M. E. (1984). Methodological issues related to the estimation of financial distress prediction models. Journal of Accounting Research, 22, 59–82.