Effect of Outreach Counseling Programs on the Reintegration of Out-of-School Children into Formal Education in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the effect of outreach counseling programs on the reintegration of out-of- school children into formal education in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State, Nigeria. A quasi- experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The population comprised 2,847 registered out-of-school children aged 6-14 years across eleven wards of Gusau Local Government Area. Using stratified random sampling, 341 participants were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan's formula and assigned to experimental (n=171) and control (n=170) groups. The experimental group received a 12-week structured outreach counseling intervention comprising individual counseling, group counseling, family engagement sessions, and community sensitization activities. Data were collected using the Reintegration Readiness Assessment Scale (?=0.87) and School Enrollment Verification Checklist. Analysis of Covariance and chi-square tests were employed at 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that outreach counseling programs significantly influenced reintegration outcomes (F(1,337)=156.42, p<0.001, ?²=0.32). The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher enrollment rates (78.4%) compared to the control group (23.5%), with superior enrollment sustainability (88.8% vs. 60.0%) at three- month follow-up. Significant improvements were observed in psychological readiness (t=22.34, p<0.001, d=2.38) and parental support (t=21.87, p<0.001, d=2.34). The study concluded that structured outreach counseling programs effectively facilitate reintegration of out-of-school children into formal education. Recommendations include institutionalizing outreach counseling units within State Universal Basic Education Boards and training community-based counselors to sustain reintegration efforts.
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