Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Gender Considerations and Entrepreneurship Development in Anambra State Nigeria

IKENMA, Chinedu Samuel; OGUEJIOFOR Ngozi D.C. (PhD)

Abstract

The study focused on the role played by gender issues in the development of entrepreneurs in Nigeria, Anambra State. The study used a survey research design. The population of the study was comprised of every entrepreneur in the state of Anambra and the sample size was 384 using Cochran method. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. The questions were studied with the help of frequencies and percentage, and hypotheses were tested with the help of multiple regression analysis. It was found that ownership inequality and gender discrimination have a negative influence on the business development and balancing of work and family responsibilities along with the accessibility of financing also affect the development of entrepreneurship negatively in Anambra State. The research indicated gender factors have a great influence on entrepreneurial development in the Anambra State. Among other recommendations, the study suggests that the government must resolve the problem of inequality in ownership, especially in terms of ownership prospects, access to funds, and entrepreneurial opportunities through enactment of policies and laws, which would ensure that gender inequality is resolved regarding entrepreneurial ventures. The policy should offer fair access to the male and female entrepreneurs.

Keywords

Gender considerationOwnership inequalityBalancing work and family responsibilitiesGender discriminationFund accessibilityEntrepreneurship development

References

Abhinav, P.S. (2021). Gender discrimination in India. Law and political Review 6, 112-117. Adelowo, C., & Akinwale, Y. (2023). Gender differences in entrepreneurial interest and practice among undergraduate students in Nigeria. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(2), 482-492. Adeosun, O.T., & Owolabi, K.E. (2021). Gender inequality: Determinants and outcomes in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development, 1(2), 165-181. Ajani, O.I.U. (2018). Gender dimensions of agriculture, poverty, nutrition and food security in Nigeria. international Food Policy Research Institute Nigeria Support Programme Brief. S. Washington, D.C. International Food Policy Research Institute. Asenge, E.L., Diaka, H.S., & Tsetim, J.T. (2021). Entrepreneurship development and socio-cultural factors among Tiv People of Benue State, Nigeria. Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), V(VII), 41-48. Baidoo, S.T., & Akoto, L. (2019). Does trust in financial institutions drive formal saving? Empirical evidence from Ghana. International Social Science Journal, 69(231), 63-78. Bastian, B. L., Metcalfe, & Zali, M. R. (2019). Gender inequality: Entrepreneurship development in the MENA region. Sustainability, 11(22), 6472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226472. Battistella, C., De Toni, A. F., & Pessot, E. (2018). Framing open innovation in start-ups' incubators: A complexity theory perspective. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(3), 33-47. Beninger, C., & Manjoo, R. (2023). The impact of gender discrimination on Statelessness: Causes, consequences and legal responses. AHMR African Human Mobilty Review, 8(3), 17-40. Bettina, L.B., Beverly, D.M., & Mohammad, R.Z. (2019). Gender inequality: Entrepreneurship development in the MENA Region. Sustainability, 11, 1-26. Boshmaf, H., & O'Keeffe, C. (2022). Promoting Gender Equality in Jordan: A Gender Review of the National Entrepreneurship and SME Growth Strategy 2015-2017. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 49(5), 61-72. Brush, C., Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T., & Welter, F. (2018). A gendered look at entrepreneurship ecosystems. Small Business Economy, 53, 393-408. Bunyod, A., Mukhabat, T., Nigora, M., Oksana, A., Kate, G., Sasha, S., & Nargis, H. (2022). Negative impact of gender stereotypes and patriarchal attitudes on gender equality in Uzbekistan. Retrieved from www.uz.undp.org. Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Women entrepreneurship: A systematic review to outline the boundaries of scientific literature. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1557. Cole, R.A., & Mehran, H. (2019). Gender and the availability of credit to privately held firms evidence from the surveys of small business finances. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Staff Reports No. 383. Enibe, D.O., Ezeonwurie, I.B., & Okeke, M.N. (2023). Gender Issues in crop technology development, transfer and utilization in Anambra State of Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(2), 78-89. Eyitayo, F.A., & Nomusa, Y.N. (2023). Gender separation of entrepreneurship skills acquisition programmes for economic development. International Journal of Business and Economic Development, 11(12), 14-21. Ezeokafor, U. R., Oguejiofor, N. D.C. & Manafa, U. G. (2024). The economic effect on entrepreneurial performance among members of agricultural cooperative societies Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal of Behavioural Informatics, Digital Humanities and Development Research, 10(4), 1-14. https://www.crossref.org/06members/50go-live.html in. Expósito, A., Amparo, S-L., & Juan, A.S-L. (2023). Entrepreneur's gender and SMEs performance: The mediating effect of innovations. Retrieved https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01555-8 from. Fahy, A. (2022). How gender discrimination affects women across the globe. Retrieved from https://www.concern.net/news/what-are-examples-gender-discrimination. Igboanugo, A. N. & Oguejiofor, N. D.C. (2024). Effect of time management on entrepreneurial activities in private sector: A study of the insurance industry in Anambra State. Humanities, Management, Arts, Education & the Social Sciences Journal, 12(3), 134-154.dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/HUMANITIES/V12N3P13. Ilodigwe, A.O. (2025). Gender inequality and its impact on women's economic participation in Anambra State: A feminist perspective. International Journal Of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(XVI), 66-80. Inkumsah, S.G. (2024). Female entrepreneur's perspective on gender equality and strategies for sustainable entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study of Female Entrepreneurs' motivation, challenges, and Contribution to Gender Equality and sustainability in entrepreneurship. Master's Thesis in Knowledge-based Entrepreneurship, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Kendall, O. (2023). Gender discrimination: An overview of historical and contemporary issues. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 29 (1), 1-2. Kharlamova, G., Stavytskyy, A., & Naumova, M. (2020). Gender matters for the entrepreneurial activity: Case of European States. Studies in Business and Economics, 15(3), 287-302. Kuranga, M.O. (2020). Work life balance and service delivery among women entrepreneurs in South-Western Nigeria. Financial Internet Quarterly, 16(4), 24-34. Mbanefo, M. C., & Eboka, O. C. (2019). Acquisition of innovative and entrepreneurial skill in science education for job creation in Nigeria. Science Education international Journal, 28(3), 207-213. Muras, S.A.L. (2023). Gender and developing entrepreneurial skills among entrepreneurs in Juba City, South Sudan. Journal of Research Innovation and Implication in Education, 7(2), 81-91. Mutiat, K., Yusuf, M., & Aminu, B. (2019). Impact of work-life balance on business growth of female entrepreneurs in south-western Nigeria. Al-Hikmah Management Review, 197-212. Neneh, N. B. (2018). Family-work conflict and performance of women-owned enterprises: The role of social capital in developing countries-Implications for South Africa and beyond. Journal of International Women's Studies, 19(6), 326-343. Ogbeta, M.E., Otsupius, A.I., & Agbaeze, E.K. (2023). Gender diversity and entrepreneurship development: The Nigeria perspective. TEST: Engineering and Management, 249-262. Ogu, O.A., Edokobi, T.D., & Abasili, K.N. (2023). Gender consideration and entrepreneurship development in Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal of the Management Sciences, 60(1), 76. 85. Oguejiofor, N.D. & Orajaka, U. P. (2022). Human capital development: A good leadership and economic growth based approach. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 18(4): 151-163. DOI: 10.9734/ARJASS/2022/v18i4412. Ojelade, M.O., Yinus, S.O., Ishola, J.A., & Opaleye, M.A. (2022). Socio-cultural business environment factors and entrepreneurial performance: Experience from Nigeria small and medium enterprises. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 13(03), 013-021. Olaojo, P.O., Oyeboade, J.A., & Gbotosho, A.S. (2018). Gender considerations and entrepreneurship intention among final year undergraduate students of library and information science, university of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Positive Psychology and Counselling, 2(1), 46-57. Opata, P.I., Ume, C.O., Ezeibe, A., Davidson, G., Onogwu, E., & Anugwa, I.Q. (2025). Effect of gender and shellfish-fruit enterprise performance on household access to food in Nigeria. VeriXiv, 1, 1-23. Pacheco, M.A., Torres, J., Padron, J.C.C., Barros, M.C.P., & Rico, H. (2025). Analyzing the role of gender in entrepreneurship education and economic success in developing nations: The case of Colombia. Cogent Economics and Finance, 13(1), 67-89. Peillex, S. H., Shah, M. A., & Esposito, Z. A. (2023). Gender considerations and entrepreneurship development in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project Management, 7(4), 1-10. Risman, B.J. (2018). Gender as a social structure. Springer International Publishing. Rosado-Cubero, A., Adolfo, H.,

More Articles from WORLD JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES