References
Alexander W.O Donnell, Gerry Redmond and Colin MacDougall (2022), The Relationship Between Financial Hardships and the Development of Risk-Taking Behaviours: The Protective Role of Extracurricular Activities, Sage Journals, Vol55, Issue 5, https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X221127724, - Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Research Methods, 4(2), 144– - Blais, A. R., & Weber, E. U. (2006). A Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale for adult populations. Judgment and Decision Making, 1(1), 33–47. - Filipa Calado and Mark. D. Griffiths (2016). Problem Gambling Worldwide:An Update and Systematic Review of Empirical Research (2000-2015). Journal of Behavioural Addictions,5(4), DOI:10.1556/2006.5.2016.073, 2016. - Griffiths, M. D. (2005). Does gambling advertising contribute to problem gambling? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 3(2), 13–24. - Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., Lamont, M., & Vitartas, P. (2016). Sports Betting: Gambling, Public Health and Public Policy. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 497–510. - Lamont, M., Hing, N., & Gainsbury, S. M. (2016). Understanding problem gamblers' attitudes towards gambling and perceptions of gambling-related harm. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 511–525. - Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2006). The psychology of the fruit machine: A review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4(2), 117–129. Research Questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale for the topic "Investigating the Relationship Between Financial Motivation and Risk-Taking Behaviour in Sports Betting among Different Demographics": Section 1: Demographic Information (5 questions) What is your age? 1. 18-24 2. 25-34 3. 35-44 4. 45-54 5. 55 and above What is your income level? 1. Less than ?50,000 2. ?50,000-?100,000 3. ?100,000-?200,000 4. ?200,000-?500,000 5. More than ?500,000 What is your level of education? 1. Secondary school 2. Diploma/NCE 3. Bachelor's degree 4. Master's degree 5. PhD and above What is your occupation? 1. Student 2. Employed 3. Self-employed 4. Unemployed 5. Retired What is your marital status? 1. Single 2. Married 3. Divorced 4. Widowed 5. Separated Section 2: Sports Betting Behaviour (5 questions) How often do you engage in sports betting? 1. Never 2. Rarely 3. Occasionally 4. Frequently 5. Almost always How much money do you usually spend on sports betting per week? 1. Less than ?1,000 2. ?1,000-?5,000 3. ?5,000-?10,000 4. ?10,000-?50,000 5. More than ?50,000 What motivates you to engage in sports betting? (Scale: 1 = Not at all motivated, 5 = Extremely motivated) a) Financial gain b) Entertainment c) Social interaction d) Other (please specify) How do you usually place your bets? 1. Online 2. Offline (bookmakers' shops) 3. Both 4. Other (please specify) 5. Not applicable Have you ever experienced financial difficulties due to sports betting? 1. Never 2. Rarely 3. Occasionally 4. Frequently 5. Almost always Section 3: Financial Motivation (5 questions) I engage in sports betting primarily for financial gain. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I believe sports betting is a reliable way to make money. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I often chase losses in sports betting in an attempt to recoup my money. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Financial gain is the most important factor in my decision to place a bet. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I would stop betting if I didn't have financial difficulties. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Section 4: Risk-Taking Behaviour (5 questions) I am willing to take high risks in sports betting for potential high rewards. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I often bet more than I can afford to lose. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I believe that the potential rewards of sports betting outweigh the risks. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I have placed bets that I later regretted. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I tend to make impulsive decisions when placing bets. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Section 5: Attitudes towards Sports Betting (5 questions) Sports betting is a form of entertainment. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Sports betting is a reliable way to make money. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Sports betting can be addictive. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I feel guilty about my sports betting behaviour. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I believe sports betting has a negative impact on society. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Section 6: Consequences of Sports Betting (5 questions) How often do you experience financial stress due to sports betting? (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Have you ever lied to family or friends about your sports betting activities? (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Have you ever borrowed money to place bets? (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Have you ever experienced relationship problems due to sports betting? (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Have you ever sought help for problems related to sports betting? (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) Section 7: Future Outlook on Betting (5 questions) I plan to continue betting in the future. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I intend to increase my betting frequency in the next 6 months. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I will set limits on my betting activities to avoid problems. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I am likely to seek help if I experience betting-related problems. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree) I believe I can control my betting behaviour. (Scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree)
