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An Overview of Liberal Ideology and Democracy in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, 1999-2023

OKAFOR, Augustine Oguejiofor ALUMONA, Ikenna Mike (PhD) UDEGBUNAM, Cyprian Uchenna (PhD)

Abstract

The crux of this paper is an overview of liberal ideology and democracy within the context of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, spanning from 1999 to 2023. The Nigerian Fourth Republic, established in 1999, is characterized by a complex relationship between liberal ideology and democratic practice. The amended 1999 Constitution lays out a federal framework that includes the separation of powers, fundamental human rights, and guarantees for free and fair elections. Nigeria functions under a multi-party system, with regular elections designed to promote popular participation and representation. The constitution underscores the importance of the rule of law, striving to ensure equality before the law and accountability for all citizens and institutions. The primary aim of this study is to explore liberal ideology and democracy in the Nigerian Fourth Republic from 1999 to 2023. The research employs liberal theory as its theoretical framework and utilizes qualitative research analysis methods. The methodology incorporates secondary data sources, such as online materials, articles, journals, and textbooks. The data collected were qualitatively analyzed through content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that although the constitution and political framework are intended to embody liberal democratic principles, the actual situation often falls short. Challenges such as weak institutions, corruption, military influence, ethnic and regional divisions, limited public engagement, and a lack of robust ideological foundations within political parties impede the full realization of liberal democratic ideals. Based on these findings, the study concludes that Nigeria requires purposeful leadership with a vision that prioritizes its citizens in the administrative agenda, moving beyond limited public participation. The study advocates for strengthening institutions, tackling corruption, and fostering a more inclusive and participatory democr

Keywords

LiberalIdeologyDemocracyIssuesFourth RepublicNigeria.

References

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