Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Self-Esteem and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Depression Among Undergraduate

Chinawa, Francis Chukwuemeka

Abstract

The study investigated self-esteem and emotional intelligence as predictors of depression among undergraduates. Four hundred and twenty-three (423) students comprise of 272 females and 151 males, with an age range of 17-22 years, a mean of 23.47 and SD of 5.43 were drawn as participants using availability and purposive sampling techniques as participants from population of Enugu State University of Science and technology (ESUT), University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu campus (UNN) and Institute of Management Sciences (IMT) students. Zung (1965) Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Hudson (1992); index of Self-esteem (ISE) and Wong and Law (2002) Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) were adopted for data collection, a correlational design was adopted, while hierarchical multiple regression was used for analysis. Three hypotheses were tested, and the results revealed that self-esteem and emotional intelligence failed to predict depression, as there was no remarkable relationship between the variables. There was no significant interaction effect among the predictor variables and the criterion variable at p< .05. Given the findings of the study, the researcher hereby suggests that students with positive mental attitudes can hardly fall into depression.

Keywords

self-esteememotional intelligencedepression

References

Allen, J., Balfour, R., Bell, R., & Marmot, M. (2014). Social determinants of mental health. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 26(4), 392–407. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.928270 Alshikh Ahmad, H., Alkhatib, A., & Luo, J. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 21(1), 542. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04016-9 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub. Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. University of Pennsylvania Press. Cherry K. (2021). What Is Emotional Intelligence? Theories personality psychology. verywellmind Cherry K. (2021). What Is Self-esteem? Theories personality psychology. verywellmind Dahlin, M., Joneborg, N., & Runeson, B. (2005). Stress and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. Medical education, 39(6), 594–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02176.x https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression Hudson W. (1992). The WALMYR assessment scales scoring manual. WALMYR Publishing Company; Tallahassee‚ FL. Index of parental attitudes. Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. Journal of psychiatric research, 47(3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015 Khan, M. S., Mahmood, S., Badshah, A., Ali, S. U., & Jamal, Y. (2006). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 56(12), 583–586. Mao, W., & Agyapong, V. (2021). The Role of Social Determinants in Mental Health and Resilience After Disasters: Implications for Public Health Policy and Practice. Frontiers in public health, 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.658528 Mirza, A. A., Baig, M., Beyari, G. M., Halawani, M. A., & Mirza, A. A. (2021). Depression and Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Brief Overview. Advances in medical education and practice, 12, 393–398. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S302897 Mu W., Luo J, Rieger S., Trautwein U., & Roberts B. W. (2019). The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depression when Controlling for Neuroticism. Collabra: Psychology. 5(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.204 Murray, E.D., Buttner, E.A. and Price, B.H. (2012) Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice. In: Daroff, R., Fenichel, G., Jankovic, J. and Mazziotta, J., Eds., Bradley’s Neurology in Clinical Practice (6th Edition), Elsevier/Saunders, Philadelphia. National Institute of Mental Health. (2001). Depression research at the National Institute of Mental Health National Institute of Mental Health, Depression, (2016). Transforming the understanding and treatment of mental illness. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml. [Ref list] Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of personality and social psychology, 95(3), 695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.695 Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2013). Understanding the link between low self-esteem and depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(6), 455-460. Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Widaman, K. F., & Conger, R. D. (2014). Is low self-esteem a risk factor for depression? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. Developmental Psychology, 50(2), 622-633. Robinson, L., Smith, M., & Segal, J. (2017). Depression in older adults: Recognising the signs of elderly depression and getting treatment. Retrieved from https://www.helpguide.org/articles/depression/depression-in-older- adults.htm?pdf=true. Roh, M. S., Jeon, H. J., Kim, H., Han, S. K., & Hahm, B. J. (2010). The prevalence and impact of depression among medical students: a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea. Academic medicine :, journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 85(8), 1384–1390. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181df5e43 Salovey P, & Mayer J. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality. 9(3):185-211. Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological bulletin, 139(1), 213–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028931 StudyCorgi. (2021). Young Adulthood in Developmental Psychology. https://studycorgi.com/young-adulthood-in-developmental-psychology/ von Soest T, Wagner J, Hansen T, & Gerstorf D. (2018). Self-esteem across the second half of life: The role of socioeconomic status, physical health, social relationships, and personality factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 114(6):945-958. doi:10.1037/pspp0000123 Wong, C.-S., & Law, K. S. (2002). Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t07398-000 Zung W. W. (1965). A SELF-RATING DEPRESSION SCALE. Archives of general psychiatry, 12, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

Governance Quality and Capital Inflows in Selected Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas)

Author: Ekere, Edobot, Chukwu, Sancho Nwobuisi , Amadi, Sonny Nwonodi , Ewubare, Dennis Brown

Farmer–Herder Crises and Its Implications on Food Security in Sankera, Benue State, Nigeria: An Empirical Mixed-Methods Study

Author: Iorkaan Samuel Kuma, ., Yange Clement Terlumun, ., Bam Clement Liambee, Hubert, Keghnen Katyona, ., Terngu Paul Ugosor

The Cost of Emotional Labour: Implications for Commercializing Human Resource Outcomes in Modern Organizations

Author: Samuel, Ogonda Victor PhD, Uhuru, Goodluck Prince. PhD, Agara Splendorpeace Dunbo PhD