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Paradox of the Veto: Upholding Peace or Perpetuating Conflict in Gaza, 2023-2025

Nkatomba N Eyina, PhD, ANYALEBECHI, Shammah Mahakwe, PhD

Abstract

The use of veto power within the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has long been a subject of debate, particularly in conflict zones like Gaza. Between 2023 and 2025, the veto power exercised by the five permanent members (P5) of the UNSC—specifically the United States, Russia, and China—has had a significant impact on efforts to resolve the Gaza conflict. These vetoes have frequently blocked ceasefire resolutions, humanitarian aid access, and peacebuilding initiatives, despite widespread international support for such measures. The paradox lies in the veto system’s original purpose of maintaining peace, which, in practice, often prolongs conflicts and exacerbates humanitarian crises, raising questions about the legitimacy and effectiveness of the UNSC. The aim of the study was to assess the role of veto power in shaping the international response to the Gaza conflict and its impact on peace efforts. The study was anchored in the realist theoretical framework, which posits that international relations are driven by the pursuit of national interests and power. A qualitative research design was used, with content analysis as the primary method of data analysis. Findings revealed that the UNSC’s inability to act decisively due to vetoes has hindered ceasefire negotiations and humanitarian aid delivery, contributing to prolonged violence and suffering. The study concluded that the veto system, while intended to maintain global peace, often entrenches the status quo and impedes effective conflict resolution, particularly in Gaza. It is recommended that reform be considered to limit the use of vetoes in situations involving humanitarian crises, ensuring timely and effective action from the UNSC.

Keywords

Veto powerpermanent membersconflictpeaceparadoxceasefire

References

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