Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Population Dynamics and Public Sector Policies in Nigeria: A Co- integration Analysis

Nduokafor, Christian Ogochukwu Ven. Prof. Onuora, J.K.J Okolie, Fidelis Oguguo

Abstract

This study examined population dynamics and public sector policies in nigeria. The study specifically focused on population growth, density, and male proportion of population effects on public sector healthcare expenditure. The study adopted the longitudinal research design and data were obtained from the World Bank WDI, spanning from 1999-2022. The unit root test using ADF showed stationarity at 1(0), 1(1), and 1(2). The hypotheses were tested using the ARDL model. The results showed no significant effect of population growth on current health expenditure. Secondly, a significant positive effect of population density on current health expenditure. Thirdly, a significant negative effect of male proportion of population on current health expenditure. Based on these, the study recommends to minimize these adverse impacts, it is essential for administrators to take proactive measures in planning and strategizing resource allocation, giving priority to preventive healthcare initiatives, and exploring innovative solutions like telemedicine and technology integration to enhance service delivery and enhance overall health outcomes, despite the challenges presented by population growth. Encourage collaboration among healthcare providers in densely populated areas to promote shared resources, expertise, and best practices. Develop and implement gender- specific health programs that focus on preventive care, early detection, and management of health conditions that disproportionately affect males.

Keywords

Population GrowthPopulation DensityMale Proportion to Total Population

References

Aidi, H. O., Emecheta, C., & Ngwudiobu, I. M. (2016). Population dynamics and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(15). Commons, J. R. (1934). Institutional economics: Its place in political economy. New York, NY: Macmillan. Dao, M., Q. (2012). Population and economic growth in developing countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(1), 6-17. Davis, D. L., Gottlieb, M. B., & Stampnitzky, J. R. (1998). Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: a sentinel health indicator?. Jama, 279(13), 1018-1023. Demeny, P. (2003). Population Policy. In P. Demeny, & G. McNicoll (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Population (pp. 752-763). New York: Macmillan. Doty, D., & Eftekhari, M. (2022). Dynamic size counting in population protocols. arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.12864. Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Outline of the theory of structuration. Cambridge, UK: Polity. Golley, J., & Zheng, W. E. I. (2015). Population dynamics and economic growth in China. China Economic Review, 35, 15-32. Greenwood, R., Oliver, C., Sahlin, K., & Suddaby, R. (2008). Introduction. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Hassan, G., & Cooray, A. (2015). Effects of male and female education on economic growth: Some evidence from Asia. Journal of Asian Economics, 36, 97-109. Ingiabuna, T. E., & Uzobo, E. (2016). Population and development in Nigeria: An assesment of the National Policy on Population and Sustainable Development. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 11(1), 80-102. John-Nwagwu, H. O., Samuel, S. K., & Johnson, N. G. (2024). Analysis of the effect of population growth on land surface temperature in Lokoja Metropolis. transportation, 5(1), 240-258. Jones, R. (2013). Population density and healthcare costs. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 19(1), 44-45. Kakpo, E., Le-Gallo, J., Breuillé, M., & Grivault, C. (2019). Should French municipalities foster urban densification to reduce their expenditures?. MPRA Paper No. 94985. Available [Online] at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/94985/ Kaur, R., & Kaur, T. P. (2024). Population dynamics, environmental issues and public sector policies in South Asian economies: a panel co-integration analysis. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 13(2), 217-231. Lammers, J. C., & Barbour, J. B. (2006). An institutional theory of organizational communication. Communication Theory, 16(3), 356-377. Lammers, J. C., & Garcia, M. A. (2014). Institutional Theory. In L. L. Putnam, & D. K. Mumby (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Communication (pp. 195- 216). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Martuzzi, M., Tanno, N. D., & Bertollini, R. (2001). Declining trends of male proportion at birth in Europe. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 56(4), 358-364. Minasyan, A., Zenker, J., Klasen, S., & Vollmer, S. (2019). Educational gender gaps and economic growth: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. World Development, 122, 199-217. Minto, C., & Schnider, T. (1998). Expanding clinical applications of population pharmacodynamic modelling. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 46(4), 321- Nwosu, C., Dike, A., O. & Okwara, K., K. (2014). The effects of population growth on economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering And Sciences, 3(11), 7- 18. Ojo, T. J., & Ojo, S. I. (2022). Health expenditure, education and economic growth in Nigeria. Open J Soc Sci Humanities (ISSN: 2734-2077), 3, 01-17. Rahman, M. M. (2017). Do population density, economic growth, energy use and exports adversely affect environmental quality in Asian populous countries?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77, 506-514. Raphael, A., Kalu, I. E., & Nteegah, A. (2020). Tax Revenue and socio-economic performance in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 21(23), 24-34 Raphael, A., Peter, O. I., & Kenneth, I. (2024). The effect of population dynamics on economic growth performance in Nigeria. GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 7(04), 75-88. Sabina, A. W., Lulin, Z., Henry, A. A., & Ebenezer, W. B. (2020). A Comprehensive Review of The Impact of Health Care Expenditure and Health Outcomes on Economic Growth. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 7, 1990-2395. Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Selznick, P. (1949). TVA and the grass roots: A study in the sociology of formal organization. Berkeley: University Of California Press. Statista (2024). Population of Nigeria in selected years between 1950 and 2023. Avaibale [Online] at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1122838/population-of- nigeria/#:~:text=As%20of%20December%202023%2C%20Nigeria's,estimated%20at %20around%20226.2%20million. Sunday, D., Onyeka, C.M., & Ugorji, C.N (2024). Financial management practices and profitability of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Financial Management 10(4) 2695-2211. Sunday, D. & Agubata, N.S. (2023). Effect of management efficiency on performance of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Business Management 9(3) 2489-0065 United Nations (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Available [Online] at: https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2015_DataBooklet.pdf Wang, Q., & Li, L. (2021). The effects of population aging, life expectancy, unemployment rate, population density, per capita GDP, urbanization on per capita carbon emissions. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 760-774.

More Articles from JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Cashflow Management and the Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria

Author: Jeffrey Ayas Iyakonbogha, Clement E. Ozele

The Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Author: i, Eneaniofu Daniel Mmaduakonam, ii, Azolike Nkiru Nkechi, iii, Emeter Patrick Okechukwu, iv, Okwor Emmanuel Ejimnkonye