References
Abebiyi, M.A. (2002). The role of real interest rates and savings in Nigeria. First Bank of Nigeria plc, Quarterly Review, March, 2002. Abiti, A. & Adzraku, W. (2011). The impact of financing structure and macroeconomic variables on profitability of listed Ghanaian banks. Blekinge: Ronneby. Abreu, M., & Mendes, V. (2003). Do Macro-Financial Variables Matter for European bank interest margins and profitability. Financial Management Association International Adebiyi, M. A. & Babatope-Obasa, B. (2004), Institutional framework, interest rate policy and the financing of the Nigerian manufacturing sub-sector. A paper presented at the African development and poverty reduction (the macro-macro linkage) conference at Lord Charles Hotel Somerset West, South Africa. 13th-15th Oct. Abogan, O.P., Olajide, E. & Oloba, O. (2014). The impact of deregulation of the economy on Nigerian commercial banks: A case study of some selected commercial Banks in Ilesa, Osun State. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 3 (10):19-27. Adeyemi, K.S. (2007). Banking sector consolidation in Nigeria: Issues and challenges. Union Digest, Union Bank Publication. Adofu, I., Abula, M. & Audu, S. I. (2010). An assessment of the effect of interest rate deregulation in enhancing agricultural production in Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, 2(2): 82-86. Afolabi, L. (1991). Monetary economics. Lagos: Inner Ways Publication, 1st Edition. Agada, S. (1996). Decapped interest: How desirable? Business Times, Monday October, 21st. Agu, C.C. (1988). Interest rate policy in Nigeria an attendant distortion. Sav. Dev. J. 12(1). Alam M, Uddin GS, 2009. Relationship between interest rate and stock price: Empirical evidence from developed and developing countries. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(3): 43–51. Al-Qudah, A. M. (2021). The determinants of lending interest rates of Jordanian listed commercial banks. Accounting, 7 (2021) 719–726 Anyanwu, C. (1998), Structural adjustment programmes financial deregulation and financial deepening in sub-Saharan African countries the Nigerian case, Nigerian Economic and Financial Review, 1(1): 1-23. Asogwa R.C. (2005). Assessing the benefits and costs of financial sector reforms in Nigeria: An event study analysis. Paper Presented at the Nigerian Economic Society Conference, Ikeja, Lagos 23rd - 25th Aug. Balogun E.D. (2007). Banking sector reforms and the Nigerian economy: performance, pitfalls, and future policy options. Munich Respec Archive Paper No 3804:1-27. Bannocks, G. et al (1998). Dictionary of economies. Lagos: Pengium Books Ltd. Bresnahan, T.F., 1982. The oligopoly solution concept is identified. Econ. Lett. 10 (January), 87– Brownbridge, M. (1995). The impact of public policy on the banking system in Nigeria. http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/Wp31.pdf. CBN (1995). Guidelines and incentives on deregulation in the Nigerian banking industry. Press release-April 11, 1995 on banking sector deregulation; special incentive to encourage weaker banks. Central Bank of Nigeria (2003). CBN briefs. Abuja research department. CBN (2012). Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2012. index html. available at www.cenbank.org Chandra, W., Yunika, L. & Fibria, I. (2020). Determinants of interest rate spreads of conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Banks and Bank Systems, 15(4), 69-79. Chete, L.N. (1999). Macroeconomic determinants of private savings in Nigeria. NISER Monograph Series, (7):1-4. Claessens, S., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (2001). How does foreign entry affect domestic banking markets. Journal of Banking and Finance, 25, 891-911. Claeys, S., & Vander Vennet, R. (2007). Determinants of bank interest margins in Central and Eastern Europe: A Comparison with the West. Economic Systems, 32 (2), p. 197-216. Crowley, J. (2007). Interest rate spreads in English-Speaking African Countries. IMF Working Paper, 07(101). Davidson, S. & Gabriel (2009). Financial system regulation. Deregulation and savings mobilization in Nigeria. pp.34-65. Demirgüç-Kunt, A. & Huizinga H. (1997).The determinants of banking crises: Evidence from developed and developing countries, Mimeo, World Bank. Demirgüç, A. & Huizinga, H., 1999. Determinants of commercial bank interest margins and profitability: Some international evidence. World Bank Economic Review, 13, 379-408. Ebong, B.B. (2006). Banking sector reforms: Opportunities and challenges. Union digest, 10:1-9. Eke, P. O., Adetiloye, K A., Adegbite, E. O. & Okoye, L. U. (2020). A co-integration analysis of interest rate spread and corporate bond market development in selected african economies. Sustainable Economic Growth, Education Excellence, and Innovation Management through Vision 2020 Enyioko, N. (2012). Impact of interest rate policy and performance of deposit money banks in Nigerian. Global Journal of Management and Business Research 12(21): 23-30. Gelbard, E. A. & Leite, S. P. (1999). Measuring financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Paper 991105 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). Gerlach Stefan (2003). Recession aversion, Output and Gordon Model. Hong Kong: Elsevier publishers. Ho, T.S.Y., Saunders, A., 1981, June. The determinants of bank interest margins: theory and empirical evidence. J. Financ. Quant. Anal. 16 (4),581–600. Ikhide S. & Alawode A.A. (2001). Financial sector reforms, macro-economic instability and the order of economic liberalization: The evidence from Nigeria. Research report presented at the African economic research consortium workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, December 4-9. Jhingan, A.T. (2001). Poverty and Development into the 21st Century. London: Oxford university press. Jhingan, M.L. (2003). Macro-economic Theory. Delhi: Vrinda publication (P) Ltd. Kalsoom, A. & Khurshid, M.K. (2016). A review of impact of interest rate spread on profitability. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 7 (11), 23 Keynes, J.M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan and company Ltd. Khat, K.D.R. & Bathia, F.J. (1993). Financial intermediation, savings mobilization and entrepreneurial development, the African experience. IMF staff paper, 27. Klein, M.A., 1971. A theory of the banking firm. J. Money Bank. 3 (May (2)), 205–218 (Part 1). Kofi B A. & Kofi, F. A. (2013). Fiscal policy, interest rate spreads and stock markets in Sub- Saharan Africa. Business and Economics Journal, BEJ-81 Lau, L. J. (1982). On identifying the degree of competitiveness from industry price and output data. Econ. Lett. 10 (January), 93–99. Lemo, A. (2005). The desired metamorphosis of Nigerian banks. www.articlebase.com/banking- articles. Leonard, L., Chepkulei, B. & Rop, B. K. (2013). Effect of interest rates spread on the performance of banking industry in Kenya. Maria, K., & Agoraki 2010. The Determinants of Net Interest Margin during Transition, Department of Accounting and Finance, Athens University of Economics and Business. Martinez, P., & Mody, A. (2004). How foreign participation and market concentration impact bank spreads: Evidence from Latin America. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 36 (3), 511-537. Maudos, J., & Fernandez de Guevara, F. (2004). Factors explaining the interest margin in the banking sectors of the European Union. Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, (9), p. 2259– Mckinnon, R. I. (1973). Money and capital in economic development. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. McKinnon, R.I. (1988). Financial liberalization and economic development: a reassessment of interest rate policies in Asia and Latin America. ICEG occasional papers No.6. Meier, G. M. (1989). Leading issues in economic development. New York: Oxford University Press. Miller & Noulas (1997).Performance and