The International Journal of Geography and Environmental Management (IJGEM) is an internationally renowned open access, peer-reviewed journal published monthly by the International Institute of Academic Research and Development (IIARD). It is devoted to promoting the advancement of knowledge in the field of Geography and Environmental Management. The journal covers all aspects of the discipline, including physical, human, economic and political geography, environmental science, geography education and sustainable development.
IJGEM encourages contributions from academics, practitioners, policy makers, students and other stakeholders. It welcomes original research papers, case studies, review papers, literature reviews, book reviews, analytical and simulation models, technical notes, and conceptual frameworks from all parts of the world. All submissions are rigorously reviewed by an international board of experts before being accepted for publication. In addition to its online version, IJGEM is also available in print. This allows readers to access the most up-to-date research and insights on Geography and Environmental Management in an easily accessible format. The journal also provides an opportunity for authors to share their research with a global audience and gain recognition for their work.
IJGEM is committed to providing a platform for sharing new ideas and insights on Geography and Environmental Management. It is dedicated to promoting and advancing knowledge in the field and providing a forum for scholars, researchers, and practitioners to exchange information and collaborate on research projects. The journal also serves as a resource for policy makers, students, and other stakeholders, providing them with an overview of the latest developments in the field. IJGEM is a valuable source of information for those interested in the latest research and developments in Geography and Environmental Management. It provides readers with access to the most current and comprehensive research available, along with insights and perspectives from leading researchers and practitioners in the field. Furthermore, authors have the opportunity to share their work with a global audience and gain recognition for their contributions.
Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts in areas of Geography and Environmental Management and other related areas that are not limited to:
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The DOI of this journal is: https://doi.org/10.56201/IJGEM
VOL. 11 NO. 2 2025
Author(s): S A Yarima, and A M Danjuma
Author(s): Ajenikoko Shukurat Joy, Solomon Olayinka Adewoye
Author(s): Musa, Mohammed Alhaji
Author(s): Odido Okwajie Ogar
Author(s): Musa, Mohammed Alhaji
Author(s): Owoyemi, Ayobami Samuel, Inimbom, Bassey, Uzodinma, Prisca Ijeoma, Oyeribhor, Susan Osaremeh
Author(s): Okhirebhu, Dominion Ikponmosa, Agboola, Peter Obaloluwa, Oluwasola, Mathew Oloruntobi Johnson, Oluwatuyi Nelson
Author(s): Elizabeth E Ogar, Wahab, Ibrahim, Zubairu, Khalifa Galadima, Bamidele, James Afanwoubo
Author(s): Johnson, Oluwatuyi Nelson Ereh, Raymond E, Agboola, Peter Obaloluwa, Okhirebhu, Dominion Ikponmosa
Author(s): Nkiru Edith Agbogu
Author(s): OkeyEjiowhor, Caleb H and Amakiri, Ibiene T
Author(s): Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah, Nkiruka Evangeline Aso
Author(s): Onuwe, J O, Ogunsote, O O, and Aluko, O O
Author(s): Transportation and Traffic Problems in Nigerian Cities, Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah
Author(s): Onuwe, J O, Ogunsote, O O, and Aluko, O O
Author(s): S A Yarima, and A M Danjuma
Author(s): Ajenikoko Shukurat Joy, Solomon Olayinka Adewoye
Author(s): Musa, Mohammed Alhaji
Author(s): Odido Okwajie Ogar
Author(s): Musa, Mohammed Alhaji
Author(s): Owoyemi, Ayobami Samuel, Inimbom, Bassey, Uzodinma, Prisca Ijeoma, Oyeribhor, Susan Osaremeh
Author(s): Okhirebhu, Dominion Ikponmosa, Agboola, Peter Obaloluwa, Oluwasola, Mathew Oloruntobi Johnson, Oluwatuyi Nelson
Author(s): Elizabeth E Ogar, Wahab, Ibrahim, Zubairu, Khalifa Galadima, Bamidele, James Afanwoubo
Author(s): Johnson, Oluwatuyi Nelson Ereh, Raymond E, Agboola, Peter Obaloluwa, Okhirebhu, Dominion Ikponmosa
Author(s): Nkiru Edith Agbogu
Author(s): OkeyEjiowhor, Caleb H and Amakiri, Ibiene T
Author(s): Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah, Nkiruka Evangeline Aso
Author(s): Onuwe, J O, Ogunsote, O O, and Aluko, O O
Author(s): Transportation and Traffic Problems in Nigerian Cities, Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah
Author(s): Onuwe, J O, Ogunsote, O O, and Aluko, O O
Author(s): Anthony Babatunde Sholanke, Olabosipo I. Fagbenle, Adewuyi Peter Aderonmu, Musibau Akintunde Ajagbe
Author(s): Uzoma, H.C Akhionbare, S.M.O, Dike, M.U, Uche, C.C. Akhionbare, W.N.
Author(s): DR. G.C. EMEGHARA
Author(s): BELLO Muhammed Murtala, Raji Abdulkabir, Emmamoge Orewere
Author(s): CHUKU, E .C, **CHUKU, O.S and *AKANI, N.P
Author(s): O.C. Okeke & S. P. Izuoma
Author(s): Muhammad Yahaya Ubale, Dr. Noralfishah Sulaiman
Author(s): O.F Osagie, and Enyi C.C
Author(s): Aliyu J. Abubakar; Emmanuel A. Olowolafe; Yakubu M. Obansa
Author(s): Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah
Author(s): Akpan, G. P. Bashar,A.K., and Zamare, U. S.
Author(s): Arowosafe, Catherine Folusade, Agbelusi, Ebenezer Abayomi
Author(s): Egesi, O. C.
Author(s): Ogundele, Adeolu Tunde Oladipo Micheal O.
Author(s): O.C. Okeke, U.C. Emeruem, E.O Atama and J.T. Ekere
Author(s): O.A.F. Wokoma, V.O Nwaugo, G.N Chima
Author(s): Eigbike, O.C; Anegbe, B. ; Obomese F and Megbuluba T
Author(s): OGUNDELE, ADEOLU TUNDE, OWOADE, OLUFEMI A
Author(s): Alum-Udensi, O*; Awom, E. I; and Ofor, C. O.
Author(s): Dr. Auwal F. Abdussalam
Author(s): Neboh, H. A., Abu, G. O., Uyigue, L.
Author(s): Egesi O. C., Ikeuka P. I. & Alum-Udensi O., Uchendu, U. I.
Author(s): Maidala, A. Dahuwa, T.N., Haruna, J
Author(s): Obinna Nwodim
Author(s): Nasiru Barau Ningi
Author(s): Okoro, L.C; Okeke, O.C; Okechukwu, S.I; Iwueke, L.E; Egbule, M.E & Onukwufor, C. K
Author(s): Owolabi J.T. (Dr.)
Author(s): Wemedo, S. A.
Author(s): Usman I.I., Adamu Y.D., Umar S.Z., Babansoro S. and Awaisu A.H.
Author(s): Yakubu Mohammed Nma & Bello Muhammed Murtala
Author(s): Owoade, O. Adeyemi, Adejumo O. Abiola and Onifade A. Oluremi.
Author(s): Victor Madebwe (Ph.D), Crescentia Madebwe, Adelaide Munodawafa and Francis Mugabe
Author(s): David N Ogbonna and Ajubo Tamunotonye Ajubo
Author(s): Crescentia Madebwe (PhD) & Victor Madebwe (PhD)
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Author(s): Oladapo, Oludare Samuel
Author(s): Sergio H. Franchito, Manoel A. Gan, Julio P. Reyes-Fernandez, V. Brahmanada Rao & Clovis M. E. Santo.
Author(s): Obele, Realman Evans, O.M.O Etebu (Ph.D) and J.N. Ugbebor (Ph.D)
Author(s): Odoanyanwu, Ndubuisi Michael, Okonkwo, Joseph Chukwudi and Irouke, Vitalis Maduabuchi
Author(s): Saleh M. A., Ashiru M. A., Sanni J. E., Ahmed T. A., & Muhammad S
Author(s): Saleh M. A., Ashiru M. A., Sanni J. E., Ahmed T. A., & Muhammad S.
Author(s): Odoanyanwu Ndubuisi Michael & Irouke Vitalis Maduabuchi
Author(s): Ubleble Benjamin Akamabe, (Ph.D) & Gbenemene Kpae, (Ph.D)
Author(s): Renner Renner Nrior & Roesline Chinyere Owhonda
Author(s): Ubuoh, E. A., Kanu, C. & Mpamah, I. C.
Author(s): Arc. Irouke, Vitalis M.; Arc. Ajah Moses; & Arc. Ivoke Hyginus I.
Author(s): Belonwu M. N. (MSc) and Okafor J. C. (PhD)
Author(s): Ajadike Joseph Chike (Ph.D)
Author(s): Hadiza Ado Suleiman & Hindatu Abdulkadir
Author(s): Ajadike Joseph Chike, PhD.
Author(s): B. B. Otene & Ukwe, I. O.
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Author(s): Amir Abdulazeez, Faisal K. Sani & 3Habibu B. Labaran
Author(s): Gausa Solomon, Gausa, R. B., Titikus, J. I. and Kereth. G. A.
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Author(s): L. P. Peekate, & P. E. Augustine
Author(s): Muhammad, S., Aremu R., & Akande S. O.
Author(s): Ikegwuru Mac-Kingsley AND Innah Mina Pokubo
Author(s): Hart, Lawrence (Ph.D) and Victor, Glory Ukwoma
Author(s): Oladapo, Oludare Samuel (Ph.D) and Ogundele, Adeolu Tunde
Author(s): Eluozo Collins
Author(s): Omoko E.N., Okeke O.C., & Opara K.D.
Author(s): Obiadi, Bons N., & Onochie, A. O.
Author(s): Egbo W. Mansi., Beredugo, Yaguo Eremasi., Goldie, Jason, & Alagoa, E. Emmanuel AND Egbo M. Esther
Author(s): Joseph Chukwuka Okah & Elekima Amos N. J
Author(s): Ukpere, D.R.T. (PhD), Clifford, A.B., Ojule, E.S.C. & Ottah, C. R.
Author(s): Togoch H. Kemboi
Author(s): Ukpere, Dennis R. Tobins (PhD) and Wabah, Goodnews (PhD)
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Author(s): Nneoma A. Ireaja, O. C. Okeke & A. I. Opara
Author(s): Mukhtar Khalifa U., Ahmed Abubakar, Musbahu Jibrin A., Aminu Hussaini, Suleman Mukhtar, & Samir Shehu Danhassan
Author(s): Agamini, O., Daka, E. R. & Moslen, M.
Author(s): Akinola Victoria O. AND Okolie Kevin C.
Author(s): Akinola Victoria O. AND Ayodele Femi O.
Author(s): Erema R. Daka, 1Calista A. Miebaka, Hason Uyi, & 1Anwaini Osuampke
Author(s): Erema R. Daka, Calista A. Miebaka, Hason Uyi, Udonna Ikoro & Anwaini Osuampke
Author(s): B.B Otene & Nnadi, P.C
Author(s): Kamalu, O. J. & Wokocha C. C
Author(s): Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah, Nkiruka Evangeline Aso
Author(s): Dr. REOUNODJI FREDERIC, Dr DJIMINGAR KHAMIS AND Dr. MAN-NA DJANGRANG
Author(s): Collins H. Wizor (PhD) and Elekwachi Wali
Author(s): Ejiogu C.C., Ohakosim I.N., Opara, K.D., Ezikeudo, E.C., Akueshi, C and Esomonu, I.
Author(s): Collins H. Wizor (PhD)1, Prof A. A. Obafemi
Author(s): Christopher Ihinegbu, Godslove S. Nnadi and Ignatius A. Madu
Author(s): P. O. Chikezie, G. I. Nwankwor; & C. A. Ahiarakwem
Author(s): Lawal Abdulrashid1 and Abdu Yaro
Author(s): Ibuomo R. Tebepah AND Nathaniel A. Ojekudo
Author(s): Samuel Oji Iheukwumere, Kelechi Friday Nkwocha, Nwanneka Tonnie-Okoye AND Emmanuel Agulue
Author(s): Wizor, Collins and Tubobereni, Iyowuna
Author(s): Obiadi, Bons N., Uduak Peter Umo AND Ezezue A. M.
Author(s): Orewere Emmamoge, Hassan Bilkisu , Kauthar Yahya and Muhammad Isa Ahmed
Author(s): Emmamoge Orewere, Bilkisu Hassan, Mustapha Faiza Ayodele Owonubi (Ph.D), and Michael Olabode Ogunrayewa (Ph.D)
Author(s): Emmanuel Sam Atalawei, & Akuro Ephraim Gobo AND Erema Ransome Daka
Author(s): Ogbodo C., Wuana R., Itodo A. U. and Eneji I. S.
Author(s): Obiadi, Bons N. & Ezezue A. M. AND Uduak Peter Umo
Author(s): Baffour-Awuah, Emmanuel AND Tenkorang, Emmanuel Yamoah
Author(s): Emmanuel Danbauchi
Author(s): Simon Stephen Mshelia, Arhyel Yusuf Mbaya & Emmanuel Galkaye
Author(s): Orisa-Ubi, Charity Ogwueru (Ph.D)
Author(s): Oladipo Michael Olukayode AND Oladapo Oludare Samuel, Ph. D
Author(s): Greatman Umanunyim Reuben Ukochi & Elekima Amos N. J.
Author(s): Oyedemi, Oyelekan Adeyemo & Aderounmu, Rasheed Adesoye
Author(s): Ikechukwu, Uche Felix.
Author(s): Ekwok Innocent (Ph.D) & Ojobe Sunday U.
Author(s): Ejiogu, C. C., Uyo, C. N., Iwuji, K. M., Esomonu, I., Onyeocha, I. O., Opara, K. D. & Udensi, J. U.
Author(s): Dennis Reuben Tobins UKPERE (PhD) & Andrew Austine IGWE
Author(s): Dennis Reuben Tobins UKPERE (PhD), Innocent WALI & Bright Anariochi CLIFFORD
Author(s): Udoh Ufonabasi Polycarp, P. O. Youdeowei (Ph.D) & O. D Ngerebara (PhD)
Author(s): Ogbo Ojiako Godfrey
Author(s): Gwari, B. M., Jeminiwa O, Dantata. D, Owolabi, E. S and Mubarak, U J
Author(s): Ogbonna I. C, Nwoko C. O, Emereibeole E. I, Uyo C. N, Egbuawa I. O, Acholonu C. A & Ismaila M. A
Author(s): Mogborukor Joseph Oghenero, Boyitie, Odiyirin Paul & Arisabor Lucky
Author(s): NALUBA, N. GODDY (Ph.D.) & BOB-MANUEL, GLORIA MINA
Author(s): Nwaerema P., Fred-Nwagwu, W. F., Jiya S. N., Liman, H. M., Dangana K.,Adama, C.K., Olubadewo-Joshua, O.
Author(s): Otene, B.B, Alfred-Ockiya, J.F and Idarisit, E.
Author(s): Thomas, C. N. & Gijo, A. H.
Author(s): ADIBE Nkeiruka Okwakpam and OHOCHUKU, Chinwennwo Phillip
Author(s): Ogundele, Adeolu Tunde
Author(s): Etim, Ofem Usang , Effiong, John Ben , Okoi, Kennedy Obu and Ntui, Oliver Effiong
Author(s): Dr. Ekwok Innocent & Mr. Ojobe Sunday U.
Author(s): OHOCHUKU, Chinwennwo Phillips & ADIBE, Nkeiruka Okwakpam
Author(s): Wekhe E.O. , Chuku E.C. and Chibuike, P. M
Author(s): Maimuna Shehu & Karimatu Umar Adamu
Author(s): Joseph YAMÉOGO, Médard NDOUTORLENGAR , Songanaba ROUAMBA
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Author(s): Peters C. G, Njoku P. C, Anyanwu J. C
Author(s): B. Shoba Rani*, Sreenu Kunsoth, Chilukuri Rajesh
Author(s): Adedoyin Oluwatoyin OMIDIJI, Clement Ebizimor DEINNE ,
Author(s): A.N. Abdullahi, M. I. Abubakar, V. Ijaekayi and S. Nahantsi
Author(s): OYEKOLA, Martins Adewale, ADEWUYI, Gbola Kehinde, AJIBADE, Oludare Sunday
Author(s): Ojo Aderonke Abimbola, PhD*, Tosin Ezekiel Ayo*, Itunu Oluwatosin Ayo*
Author(s): Hadiza Muhammad Liman, Peace Nwaerema, Jacob Yisa, Jibrin Matane AbdulAzeez, Adama Christiana Kolo
Author(s): Emmanuel S. Danbauchi
Author(s): Okeukwu, E,K., Okeke, O. C, Irefin, M.O, Ezeala, H.I, and Amadi, C.C
Author(s): OLADIPO Michael Olukayode
Author(s): Kingsley Tochukwu Oguaju, Bldr. Greatman Umanunyim Reuben Ukochi
Author(s): Bldr. Greatman U. R. Ukochi, Kingsley Tochukwu Oguaju
Author(s): Egbo, Walamam Mansi & Eremasi Yaguo Benjamin Ikele
Author(s): Udoumoh, Unwana I. Alonge, Akindele F. Assian, Ubong E. Ehiomogue, Precious O, Okoko, Joseph U., and Ahuchaogu, Israel I
Author(s): Nwankwo Ikechukwu, Obiadi Bons N., Onuorah I.M., Kikanme E.I.,Mbah P.U., Okafor C.C., Aniakor C.U.
Author(s): Alhassan Faiza Abdullahi, Yahya Kauthar and Hassan Bilkisu
Author(s): Adamaagashi Izuchukwu Prince, Udochukwu C. Onoh, Ogunade Josiah Ayodele, Ayanlowo Eniola Juda, Chidozie Primcewill Nwimo
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Author(s): Ndubisi Onwuanyi, Pius Ekenedilichukwu Chima, Aderemi Adekanmi
Author(s): Udochukwu C Onoh, Elona Erezi, Bethel Clement
Author(s): T.C. Dikeogu , O.C. Okeke , A.U. Nwaiwu , C.D. Akoma , N.A. Ireaja and E.C. Ezike
Author(s): Malachy Ugochukwu OKOROJI and Nsisong Christopher EKONG
Author(s): Eke, C. C., Frank, U. P., Ahaji, V. K., Ezeh, P., Amadi, C. C. and Okeke, O. C.
Author(s): Juliet Ibrahim
Author(s): Innocent E. Bello, Abubakar S. Abdulrahman
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Author(s): Etah Emmanuel Etah Awhen Charles Ogah & Ayiri Benedict, Ikwen Agustine .A.
Author(s): Yaro N.A , Mustapha A , Idris M, Garo U.T, and Bello N.I
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Author(s): M.A. Mansur, Senchi I. J., Atiku M., Ambursa A.S., D.P. Gwimmi, Z. Yusuf, Abdulrahman, A.
Author(s): Dr. Evaline Jerotich Bartocho
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Author(s): Innocent E. BELLO, & Alex S. ORTESE
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Author(s): Alaka, S. A., Osman, Y.
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Author(s): Udochukwu C. Onoh, Josiah Ogunade, Emmanuel Owoeye, Solomon Awakessien, Joseph Kwesi Asomah
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Author(s): YAMEOGO Joseph
Author(s): Ohaji Evans Chukwudi Paulinus (B.Eng, M.Eng, PhD),, Mahmud Hussaini (HND, B.Sc. PGD, M.Eng)
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Author(s): Onuoha, D. C. Odoh, C. C. & Odoh, G
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Author(s): Obada Grace Oluwakemi - Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja
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Author(s): Obiadi Bons. N, Aniegbunam, Augustine.
Author(s): Shalanggwa Y. Y., Usman M. I ., Kachallah A.S. , Abdullahi Abba Mamman, and Muhammed Isah Muhammed
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