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Comparative Assessment of the Biodiversity Components of Nypa Palm ( Nypa fructicans ) And Mangrove Ecosystems in Kono, Rivers State

Jorbedom, Ziggy Alexander. 1, Akani, Godfrey Chukwuma. 2 Bob-Manuel, K. N. O.3

Abstract

The abundance, diversity and distribution of floral and faunal communities within Nypa- dominated and Mangrove-dominated ecosystems were studied. This study was carried out in Kono, a coastal wetland community located in Khana LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria. This area forms part of the extensive mangrove and estuarine ecosystem in the Niger Delta. Six months of field sampling compared mangrove and Nypa-dominated habitats using permanent plots, transects, direct observations and a 50-respondent household survey, with biodiversity assessed using abundance, richness, Shannon–Wiener and Margalef, Pielou’s evenness. The floral composition of the mangrove and Nypa palm ecosystems showed a moderate level of similarity with clear structural differences between the two habitats. Macro-invertebrates and nearly all fish species were present in both ecosystems, however, certain species, including Eleotris vittata , Psittacus erithacus (African grey parrot), and Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor lizard) were found only in the mangrove habitat. Some species overlapped but there was a clear difference in dominance and composition. For example, Acrostichum aureum has 7.25% in mangrove compared to 0.84% in Nypa palm, Cyperus articulatus recorded 8.58% in the mangrove but 1.26% in Nypa palm. Similarly, Hibiscus tiliaceus recorded 4.53% in the Mangrove and 1.60% in Nypa palm. On the other hand, the Nypa palm ecosystem was dominated by a few species, particularly Nypa fruticans, which had a much higher abundance (22.80%) compared to 7.46% in the mangrove. One major observation recorded in this study was the exclusive presence of true mangrove species: Rhizophora racemosa (20.99%), Avicennia germinans (5.44%), Laguncularia racemosa (4.18%), and Dalbergia ecastaphylum (2.02%), all of which were absent in the Nypa palm ecosystem. This study showed that mangrove habitats supported greater biodiversity, highlighting the need for Nypa management, mangrove restoration, and community-based conservation in Kono. Key Words: Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Mangrove, Nypa palm & Kono

Keywords

BiodiversityEcosystemMangroveNypa palm & Kono

References

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