Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Growth and Yield Traits of Coleus Potato ( Coleus Rotundifolius Chev. & Perrot) in the Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the correlations between growth traits, yield components and fresh tuber yield of Coleus potato (Coleus rotundifolius Chev. & Perrot) during the 2023 and 2024 rainy seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The experiment evaluated two local accessions, four plant spacing treatments and four NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer rates. The spacing treatments were 15 × 75, 30 × 75, 45 × 75 and 60 × 75 cm, while fertilizer rates were 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1. The reported correlation matrices were examined for individual seasons and combined data, and path coefficient analysis was used to investigate the direct and indirect contributions of selected traits to tuber yield. In 2023, fresh tuber yield showed positive correlations with number of branches per plant (r = 0.913), number of leaves per plant (r = 0.894), plant height (r = 0.541), number of tubers per stand (r = 0.554) and mean tuber diameter (r = 0.612). In 2024, number of leaves per plant (r = 0.966), tuber weight per stand (r = 0.799) and harvest index (r = 0.751) had comparatively strong positive correlations with fresh tuber yield. In the combined analysis, the strongest reported associations were with number of leaves per plant (r = 0.922), shoot dry weight (r = 0.888), tuber weight per stand (r = 0.753), mean tuber diameter (r = 0.663) and number of tubers per stand (r = 0.662). The accompanying path- analysis narrative identified shoot dry weight and plant height as important growth-related traits in the combined analysis, while tuber number and mean tuber weight were identified as important yield components. Overall, the results indicate that vegetative growth and tuber- yield components were associated with fresh tuber yield, although the strength of these relationships varied between seasons. Verification of the original statistical output is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the direct effects and statistical significance of individual traits.
Keywords
Coleus potato; Hausa potato; correlation; path coefficient analysis; tuber yield; growth traits; Guinea Savanna.
References
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Table 1: Correlation Matrix among Yield Character of Coleus Potato During 2023 Rainy Season 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fresh tuber yield 1.000 Plant height(9WAP) 0.541** 1.000 Branches per plant(8WAP) 0.913** 0.721** 1.000 Leaf per plant(9WAP) 0.894** 0.580** 0.411** 1.000 Leaf Area Index (9WAP) 0.341** 0.492** 0.323** 0.023ns 1.000 Shoot dry weight (9WAP) 0.255* 0.537** 0.937** 0.937** 0.937** 1.000 Harvest index (HI) 0.441** -0.062 ns -0.050ns -0.401** -0.421** 0.143ns 1.000 Tuber dry weight (g) 0.541** 0.473** 0.492** 0.295** 0.055ns 0.589** 0.630** 1.000 Number of tuber per stand 0.554** 0.462** 0.323** 0.323** 0.225* 0.601** 0.704** 0.536** 1.000 Tuber weight per stand (g) 0.568** 0.704** 0.661** 0.321** 0.215** 0.073ns 0.573** 0.704** 0.566** 1.000 Mean tuber weight (g) 0.481** 0.614** 0.092ns 0.092ns 0.045ns 0.045ns 0.335* 0.613** 0.133ns 0.335** 1.000 Mean tuber diameter (cm) 0.612** 0.469** 0.031** 0.031ns -0.151 ns -0.151 0.591** 0.612** 0.003ns 0.612** 0.589** 1.000 1. Tuber fresh yield/ha, 2. Plant height, 3. Number of branches/plant (9WAP), 4. Number of leaf/plant (9WAP), 5. Leaf Area Index (9WAP), 6. Shoot dry weight (9WAP), 7. Tuber dry weight/stand (11), 8. Harvest Index (11), 9. Number of tubers/stand, 10. Tuber weight/stand, 11. Mean tuber weight, 12. Mean tuber diameter, ns= not significant at 5%, *=significant at 5%, **= significant at 1%. Table 2: Correlation Matrix among Yield Character of Coleus Potato During 2024 Rainy Season 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fresh tuber yield 1.000 Plant height(9WAP) 0.583** 1.000 Branches per plant(8WAP) 0.383** 0.458** 1.000 Leaf per plant(9WAP) 0.966** 0.875** 0.804** 1.000 Leaf Area Index (9WAP) 0.237* 0.369* 0.356** 0.053ns 1.000 Shoot dry weight (9WAP) 0.273* 0.542** 0.321** 0.909** 0.897** 1.000 Harvest index (HI) 0.751** -0.022 0.151ns 0.113ns 0.053ns 0.413** 1.000 Tuber dry weight 0.211** 0.632** 0.019** 0.289** 0.211** 0.091ns 0.423** 1.000 Number of tuber per stand 0.405** 0.031ns 0.405** 0.019ns 0.231* 0.232ns 0.532** 0.631** 1.000 Tuber weight per stand(g) 0.799** 0.809** 0.647** 0.847** 0.536** 0.728** 0.148ns 0.809** 0.845** 1.000 Mean tuber weight(g) 0.491** 0.902** 0.222* 0.904** 0.102ns 0.065ns 0.321* 0.845** 0.062ns 0.818** 1.000 Mean tuber diameter(cm) 0.524** 0.745** 0.345** 0.032ns -0.044 -0.163ns 0.153ns 0.818** 0.334** 0.740** 0.902** 1.000 1. Tuber fresh yield/ha, 2. Plant height, 3. Number of branches/plant (9WAP), 4. Number of leaf/plant (9WAP), 5. Leaf Area Index (9WAP), 6. Shoot dry weight (9WAP), 7. Tuber dry weight/stand (11), 8. Harvest Index (11), 9. Number of tubers/stand, 10. Tuber weight/stand, 11. Mean tuber weight, 12. Mean tuber diameter, ns= not significant at 5%, *=significant at 5%, **= significant at 1%. Table 4.30: Correlation Matrix among Yield Character of Coleus Potato of the Combined years of 2023 and 2024 Rainy Season 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fresh tuber yield 1.000 Plant height(9WAP) 0.469 ** 1.000 Branches per plant(8WAP) 0.336** 0.275** 1.000 Leaf per plant 0.922** 0.393** 0.495 ** 1.000 Leaf Area Index (9WAP) 0.465** 0.297* 0.770** 0.574** 1.000 Shoot dry weight (9WAP) 0.888** 0.453 ** 0.672** 0.919** 0.572** 1.000 Harvest index (HI) 0.012* 0.0231** 0.66** 0.06ns 0.091ns 0.331** 1.000 Tuber dry weight 0.453** 0.232** 0.244** 0.235** 0.427** 0.321** 0.223** 1.000 Number of tuber per stand 0.662** 0.769 ** 0.372** 0.672** 0.234** 0.626** 0.431** 0.451** 1.000 Tuber weight per stand(g) 0.753** 0.498** 0.788** 0.788** 0.523** 0.758** 0.753** 0.328** 0.322** 1.000 Mean tuber weight(g) 0.318** 0.938 ** 0.591** 0.197* -0.091** 0.179ns 0.772** 0.013ns 0.023ns 0.561** 1.000 Mean tuber diameter(cm) 0.663 ** 0.531** -0.021 0.012ns 0.323** 0.662** 0.771ns 0.416** 0.612** 0.412** 0.532** 1.000 1. Tuber fresh yield/ha, 2. Plant height, 3. Number of branches/plant (9WAP), 4. Number of leaf/plant (9WAP), 5. Leaf Area Index (9WAP), 6. Shoot dry weight (9WAP), 7. Tuber dry weight/stand (11), 8. Harvest Index (11), 9. Number of tubers/stand, 10. Tuber weight/stand, 11. Mean tuber weight, 12. Mean tuber diameter, ns= not significant at 5%, *=significant at 5%, **= significant at 1% rf Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total correlation 2023 Height at 9 WAT 0.0581 0.0170 0.11797 0.06947 0.0576 0.0220 0.541 LAI at 9WAT 0.0286 0.0347 0.2058 0.0485 0.0086 0.0145 0.341 Shoot dry weight at 9 WAT 0.0312 0.0326 0.2196 0.0383 0.0042 -0.0710 0.255 Tuber number/stand 0.0268 0.01125 0.0560 0.1503 0.0314 0.2785 0.544 Mean tuber weight (g) 0.0356 0.0031 0.0098 0.0503 0.0939 0.2879 0.481 Mean tuber diameter (cm) 0.0272 0.0010 -0.0331 0.0888 0.0574 0.4704 0.612 2024 Height at 9 WAT 0.2758 0.0190 0.0631 0.0468 0.0592 0.1187 0.583 LAI at 9WAT 0.1017 0.0517 0.0462 0.0251 0.0273 -0.0151 0.237 Shoot dry weight at 9 WAT 0.1495 0.0205 0.1164 0.0252 0.0173 -0.0561 0.273 Tuber number/stand 0.1188 0.0119 0.0270 0.1087 0.0857 0.0526 0.405 Mean tuber weight(g) 0.0612 0.0052 0.0075 0.0349 0.2670 0.1149 0.491 Mean tuber diameter (cm) 0.0951 -0.0022 -0.0189 0.0166 0.0891 0.3442 0.524 Combine data Height at 9 WAT 0.1250 0.0218 0.2753 0.0720 -0.1410 0.1157 0.469 LAI at 9WAT 0.0371 0.0736 0.4084 0.0392 -0.0888 -0.0045 0.465 Shoot dry weight at 9 WAT 0.0566 0.0494 0.6077 0.0566 -0.0269 0.1443 0.888 Tuber number/stand 0.0995 0.0319 0.3804 0.0904 -0.1085 0.1681 0.662 Mean tuber weight(g) 0.1173 0.0435 0.1087 0.0653 -0.1504 0.1334 0.318 Mean tuber diameter (cm) 0.0664 -0.0015 0.4023 0.0697 -0.0920 0.2180 0.663 1= Height at 9 WAP, 2 = LAI at 9 WAP, 3 = Shoot dry weight at 9 WAP, 4 = Tuber number stand, 5 = Mean tuber weight, and 6 = Mean tuber diameter Table 4.30b: Percent Contribution of some Growth and Yield Characters to Tuber Yield During 2023, 2024 Rainy seasons and the Combined data Parameters Percent contribution 2023 2024 Combined Individual contribution Height at 9WAT 0.3380 7.6094 1.5644 LAI at 9WAT 0.1207 0.2679 0.5420 Shoot dry weight 4.8261 1.3564 36.940 Tuber number/ stand 2.2614 1.1825 0.8185 Mean tuber weight 0.8818 7.1298 2.2623 Mean tuber diameter 22.135 11.852 4.7554 Combined contribution Percent contribution PLHT+LAI 0.1988 1.0538 0.5470 PLHT+SDW 1.3717 3.4827 6.8875 PLHT+NTPS 0.8078 2.5857 1.8015 PLHT+NTPS 0.6704 3.2703 -3.5293 PLHT+MTD 2.5658 6.5528 2.8967 LAI+SDW 1.4307 0.4787 6.0141 LAI+NTPS 0.3376 0.2600 0.5781 LAI+MTW 0.0600 0.2819 -1.3089 LAI+MTD 0.1013 -0.1568 -0.0674 SDW+NTPS 0.1988 0.5876 6.8845 SDW+MTW 0.1856 0.4042 -3.2727 SDW+MTD 0.6408 -0.3528 -0.5566 NTPS+MTW 0.9461 1.8641 -1.9650 NTPS+MTD 8.3628 1.1455 3.0422 MTW+MTD 5.4077 6.1406 -4.0147 Residual 44.663 43.002 39.179 1= Height at 9 WAP, 2 = LAI at 9 WAP, 3 = Shoot dry weight at 9 WAP, 4 = Tuber number stand, 5 = Mean tuber weight, and 6 = Mean tuber diameter
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