Assessment of Passive Design Strategies for Improving Thermal Comfort in High-Rise Condominiums in Yola, Nigeria
Abstract
Thermal discomfort is a major challenge in high-rise residential buildings located in hot tropical climates, leading to increased reliance on mechanical cooling systems and higher energy consumption. This study assessed passive design strategies for improving thermal comfort in high-rise condominium developments in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. A mixed- method approach was adopted, combining a questionnaire survey of built-environment professionals with a comparative analysis of selected local and international case studies. A total of 235 valid responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The findings revealed strong agreement among respondents regarding the importance of passive design strategies in enhancing thermal comfort. Indoor space quality (Mean = 4.20), landscaping (Mean = 4.16), and the use of local materials (Mean = 4.15) emerged as the most highly rated design strategies for importance. When evaluating perceived practical effectiveness, horizontal overhangs (Mean = 4.29), the effect of occupant behavior (Mean = 4.21), and site orientation (Mean = 4.19) were identified as the most effective interventions. The comparative case study analysis of Eko Pearl Towers, World Trade Center Abuja, Bosco Verticale, and One Central Park demonstrated that successful thermal performance depends on integrating multiple passive strategies, including climate-responsive orientation, efficient façade design, landscape elements, natural ventilation, and vegetation-based cooling systems. The study concludes that integrating passive design strategies can significantly improve thermal comfort, reduce dependence on air-conditioning systems, lower operational energy consumption, and promote sustainable housing development in tropical environments. It recommends the adoption of climate-responsive design principles and stronger consideration of passive environmental strategies in future high-rise residential developments in Nigeria.
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