Data Sharing in Nigerian Genomics: Addressing Legal Fragmentation and Ethical Dilemmas

Abstract

This study examined the legal and ethical challenges associated with genomic data sharing in Nigeria with focused on issues of consent, privacy, data ownership and international collaboration. Using doctrinal method, the study reviewed scholarly literature, national policies, institutional practices and international instruments to identify gaps in genomic data sharing. The study assessed the adequacy of existing frameworks including constitutional privacy protections under Section 37, the National Information Technology Development Agency guidelines, the Freedom of Information Act, the National Biosafety Management Agency Act and ethical directives of the National Health Research Ethics Committee . These were situated in the wider context of African genomic initiatives such as H3Africa. Findings revealed fragmented regulations, legal ambiguities, infrastructural weaknesses and ethical dilemmas surrounding informed consent, community engagement and equitable benefit sharing. These limitations heightened risks of misuse, constrained data protection and restricted Nigeria effective participation in global genomic collaborations. The study recommended harmonisation of legislation, development of culturally adapted consent practices, investment in biobanking infrastructure, capacity building and establishment of stronger oversight institutions. Strengthening ethical system, fostering transparency and deploying secure technological tools were concluded to be essential for advancing responsible genomic research and safeguarding public trust in Nigeria.

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