Work-Place Incivility as a Predictor of Employee Physical, Mental, Emotional and Social Well-Being Among Private School Teachers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Karen Erdoo Yankyaa; Aondoaver Ucho; Chinelo Helen Ogwuche

doi:10.56201/jhsp.vol.12.no9.2026.pg116.131

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Work-Place Incivility as a Predictor of Employee Physical, Mental, Emotional and Social Well-Being Among Private School Teachers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Karen Erdoo Yankyaa, Aondoaver Ucho, and Chinelo Helen Ogwuche

Abstract

This study examined workplace incivility as a predictor of employee physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being among private school teachers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. The population comprised 3,682 teachers in private secondary schools in Makurdi Local Government Area, from which a sample of 360 teachers was determined using the Taro Yamane formula. A multistage sampling technique was employed, involving cluster sampling to select schools across six locations in Makurdi, followed by simple random sampling to select 30 private secondary schools and 12 teachers from each selected school. Participants were teachers aged 20–60 years who had worked in their respective schools for at least one term. Data were collected using the Physical Well-Being Questionnaire (PWBQ-14), Mental Wellbeing Questionnaire, Emotional Well-Being Scale , Social Well-Being Scale , and a workplace incivility measure assessing discrimination, gossip, hostility, and sexual harassment. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested using Pearson Product- Moment Correlation. The findings revealed that overall workplace incivility had a significant negative relationship with physical well-being among private school teachers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Also, workplace incivility had a significant relationship with mental well-being. Similarly, workplace incivility had significant negative relationships with emotional well-being. Finally, workplace incivility had significant negative relationships with social well-being among private school teachers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The findings indicated that workplace incivility is associated with the dimensions of teachers’ well-being when independently and jointly tested. The study therefore recommended among others the importance of promoting respectful interpersonal relationships, reducing workplace incivility, and strengthening supportive and healthy work environments in private secondary schools in Makurdi Local Government Area.

Keywords

Workplaceincivilityphysical well-beingmental well-beingemotional well- beingsocial well-being.

References

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Work-Place Incivility as a Predictor of Employee Physical, Mental, Emotional and Social Well-Being Among Private School Teachers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Keywords

References

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