International Trade Policies and Sustainable Environmental Governance in Nigeria: A Legal Appraisal

Amao O, Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Rights and the Law: Multinational Corporations in Developing Countries (Routledge 2011) Amnesty International, Petroleum, Pollution and Poverty in the Niger Delta (Amnesty International Publications 2009) Brown Weiss E, In Fairness to Future Generations (Transnational Publishers 1989) Esty DC, Greening the GATT: Trade, Environment and the Future (Institute for International Economics 1994) European Commission, The European Green Deal COM (2019) 640 final Finnis J, Natural Law and Natural Rights (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2011) Hart HLA, The Concept of Law (3rd edn, Oxford University Press 2012) Hunter D, Salzman J and Zaelke D, International Environmental Law and Policy (6th edn, Foundation Press 2022) Krugman P and Obstfeld M, International Economics: Theory and Policy (10th edn, Pearson 2015) Lester S, Mercurio B and Davies A, World Trade Law: Text, Materials and Commentary (2nd edn, Hart Publishing 2012) Mol APJ and Spaargaren G, 'Ecological Modernisation Theory in Debate' in APJ Mol and DA Sonnenfeld , Ecological Modernisation Around the World (Frank Cass 2000) Nwapi C, 'Trade Liberalisation and Environmental Protection in Developing Countries' (2019) 8(1) African Journal of International and Comparative Law 67 OECD, Trade and Environment (OECD Publishing 2021) OECD, Trade and Green Growth (OECD Publishing 2021) Okorodudu-Fubara MT, 'Environmental Protection and Economic Development in Nigeria' (2015) 6(2) University of Benin Law Journal 89 Osinbajo Y, 'Improving Environmental Enforcement in Nigeria' (2011) 5 Nigerian Journal of Environmental Law 44 Ricardo D, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (John Murray 1817) Sands P and Peel J, Principles of International Environmental Law (4th edn, Cambridge University Press 2018) UNCTAD, Trade and Environment Review (UNCTAD Publications 2023) United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland (UNEP 2011) Wigwe CC, Legal Research Method and Practice (Princeton Publishing Co 2019) World Bank, Environmental, Social and Governance Standards and Investment Flows (World Bank 2022) World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future (Oxford University Press 1987) World Trade Organization, Trade and Environment at the WTO (WTO Publications 2022) Table of Cases Attorney-General of Ogun State v Aberuagba (1985) 1 NWLR (Pt 3) 395 (SC) Centre for Oil Pollution Watch v Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (2019) 5 NWLR (Pt 1666) 518 (SC) Edede v Attorney-General of the Federation (2025) 18 NWLR (Pt 2016) 1 (SC) Fuel Retailers Association of Southern Africa v Director-General, Environmental Management, Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment, Mpumalanga Province and Others 2007 (6) SA 4 (CC) JLGP JLGP E-ISSN 2579-051X Gbemre v Shell Petroleum Development Company Nigeria Ltd (Unreported, Federal High Court, Benin Judicial Division, Suit No FHC/B/CS/53/05, 14 November 2005); (2005) AHRLR 151 Massachusetts v Environmental Protection Agency 549 US 497 (2007) R (Friends of the Earth Ltd) v Heathrow Airport Ltd [2020] UKSC 52 United States – Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, WT/DS58/AB/R (12 October 1998) Table of Legislation and Treaties Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area 2018 Clean Air Act 1970 (United States) Clean Water Act 1972 (United States) Climate Change Act 2008 (United Kingdom) Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973 Economic Community of West African States Environmental Policy 2008 Economic Community of West African States Framework on Environment and Trade 2008 Economic Community of West African States Trade Liberalisation Scheme 1979 Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act 1985, Cap E9, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 Environmental Impact Assessment Act 1992, Cap E12, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 Environmental Protection Act 1990 (United Kingdom) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions) Act 1988, Cap H1, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 1994 National Environmental Management Act 1998 (South Africa) National Environmental Policy Act 1969 (United States) National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment) Act 2007 Nigerian Export Promotion Council Act 1976, Cap N107, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission Act 1995, Cap N117, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 Paris Agreement on Climate Change 2015 Petroleum Industry Act 2021. Revised Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States 1993. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992.