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Mammalian Diversity and Relative Detection of the Nigeria- Cameroon Chimpanzee in the Gumti Sector of Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Nigeria

Elam, Magdalene Shem1, Yaduma, Z. B.2, Zacharia, Bijida3, Corresponding author

Abstract

The Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) is an Endangered subspecies whose remaining populations occur in fragmented forest landscapes of Nigeria and Cameroon. This study assessed mammalian diversity and the relative detection of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee in the Gumti Sector of Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Nigeria. Twelve motion- triggered camera traps were deployed across five habitat types between March and October 2025, providing 365 trap-days of sampling. Ten focal mammal species were recorded from 183 independent capture events. Olive Baboon had the highest number of independent captures (58; RAI = 15.89 per 100 trap-days), followed by Bushbuck (36; RAI = 9.86) and Red-flanked Duiker (28; RAI = 7.67). The Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee accounted for 12 independent captures, with an RAI of 3.29 per 100 trap-days. Detections occurred in Montane Forest and Lowland Forest, with no recorded detections in the sampled Savannah-Woodland, Gallery Forest or Forest Edge stations. Habitat-level occurrence was highest in Lowland Forest (83 captures), followed by Montane Forest (41), Savannah-Woodland (35) and Gallery Forest (24). Overall community diversity calculated from the 183 independent captures was H′ = 1.95, Simpson 1-D = 0.82 and Pielou's J′ = 0.84. These results provide a site-specific baseline of relative mammal detection in the sampled Gumti Sector. The findings also show the value of combining camera trapping with habitat assessment for documenting species occurrence in a heterogeneous protected-area landscape. Because camera stations were partly positioned at trails, water points and other movement features, capture frequencies are interpreted as relative detection measures rather than direct estimates of population density. The results support continued standardised monitoring of chimpanzees and other mammals, together with protection of forest habitats and assessment of anthropogenic pressures.

Keywords

Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee; Pan troglodytes ellioti; camera trapping; mammalian diversity; relative detection; Gashaka-Gumti National Park; conservation IJGEM IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geo

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