Ethical Orientation: Key to the Sustenance of the Fight Against Corruption in the Power Sector in Nigeria

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Resource curse - Resource curse refers to a theory in development economics arguing that countries with abundant natural resource endowments tend to have worse governance and higher levels of corruption than those with fewer natural resource endowments, given that access to resource revenues reduces the need for wide-based public accountability. Whistle-blower Policy (2016) - Whistle-blower Policy (2016): Initiative of the Ministry of Finance of Nigeria under which informants who provide information leading to the recovery of stolen public funds are financially rewarded; 2.5–5% of the recovered amount. Effectiveness compromised due to the nonexistence of a whistle-blower protection law. Klitgaard's corruption formula - According to Robert Klitgaard's formula: Corruption = Monopoly + Discretion − Accountability. He explains that corruption arises when an official has a monopoly and discretion in his hands but is not adequately held to account. Utilitarianism vs. deontology - Two contrasting ethical frameworks: utilitarianism (Bentham, Mill) judges’ actions by their consequences for overall welfare; deontological ethics judges actions by adherence to moral duty regardless of outcome. Utilitarianism vs. Deontological Ethics: According to the theory propounded by Bentham and Mill, an action is right if the consequence of that action brings about the greatest happiness or welfare of the greatest number of people. Kantian ethics focuses on the rightness or wrongness of the action itself, irrespective of its consequences.