Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in Soils Under Different Land Use in Obelle, Emuoha Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigated the isolation and identification of bacteria in soils under different land use in Obelle, Emuoha Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from cassava, maize, cucumber, and pepper cultivated fields and analyzed for their physical and chemical properties and bacterial populations. Soil pH, particle size distribution, total nitrogen, organic carbon, organic matter, and available phosphorus were determined using established laboratory methods, while bacterial isolation and identification were carried out through serial dilution, culture techniques, Gram staining, and biochemical characterization. The results showed that all the soils were strongly acidic, with pH values ranging from 3.41 to 3.70, and were predominantly loamy sand in texture. Total nitrogen content was low across all the farms, whereas available phosphorus and organic carbon varied among the different cultivated soils. The highest bacterial population was reported for cucumber soil (1.120 × 109 CFU/g), while the lowest was observed in cassava soil (3.72 × 108 CFU/g). The bacterial isolates identified included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The occurrence of these bacteria suggests differences in soil microbial communities and possible environmental contamination of some agricultural soils. The study concludes that soil physical and chemical properties influence bacterial abundance and distribution in agricultural lands. Proper soil management practices, including incorporation of organic amendments and reduced indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, are recommended to improve soil quality and promote a healthier soil microbial community.
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