Abstract
In order to mechanize the production process of Goron Tula, it is important to have knowledge of its properties. In this study, Physical, Mechanical, Frictional, and Thermal Properties of Goron Tula were determined at three different moisture content levels, which are important design parameters. The properties measured Include Moisture Content, Size, Shape, Mass, Volume, True Density, Bulk Density, Rupture Force, Bioyield Point, Modulus of Deformability, Angle of Repose, Coefficient of Static Friction, and Specific Heat. The moisture content of the fruit under three different conditions was obtained: freshly harvested, locally stored for one year, and locally stored for one year and sun-dried for 48 hours. The moisture contents measured were 44.58%, 29.86%, and 26.16%, which were rounded up to 45%, 30%, and 26%, respectively. The major, intermediate, and minor diametres, geometric mean, surface area, and sphericity at 45% are: 3.49cm, 3.16cm, 2.74cm, 3.048cm, 29.356cm2, and 0.873 respectively. At 30% moisture content, the major, intermediate, and minor diameter, geometric mean, surface area, and sphericity are: 3.432cm, 2.882cm, 2.470cm, 2.886cm, 26.793cm2, and 0.8485. Finally, at 26% moisture content, the major, intermediate, and minor diameter, geometric mean, surface area, and sphericity are: 3.13cm, 2.81cm, 2.48cm, 2.787cm, 24.529cm2, and 0.887. For the seed of the fruit, the major, intermediate, and minor diameter, geometric mean, surface area, and sphericity respectively are: 1.16cm, 0.88cm, 0.72cm, 0.900cm, 2.464cm2, and 0.782.The mass, volume, true density, and bulk density of the fruit at 45%, 30%, and 26% moisture content are: 15.6g, 14.2cm3, 1.11g/cm3, 0.4520g/cm3; 13.9g, 11.75cm3, 1.185g/cm3, 0.4304g/cm3; 11.04g, 8.66cm3, 1.280cm3, 0.4217cm3 respectively. The angle of repose was found to be 14.79°, and the coefficient of static friction was measured on three different surfaces. For plywood at 45%, 30%, and 26%, the coefficient of static friction was found to be 0.392, 0.319, and 0.243, respectively. For mild steel surface at 45%, 30%, and 26%, the coefficient of friction was found to be 0.391, 0.393, and 0.390, respectively. For glass surface at 45%, 30%, and 26%, the coefficient of friction was found to be 0.354, 0.304, and 0.262, respectively. The specific heat values obtained at the three moisture contents levels were 1789.054JKg-1 ° C-1, 1153.328JKg-1 ° C-1, and 780.375JKg-1 ° C-1, respectively. The force at bio yield point, rupture force, and modulus of deformability at 45% moisture content were measured to be 133.012N, 160.418N, and 556.144 Pa, respectively. At 30% moisture content, the bioyield point, force at bioyield point, rupture force, and modulus of deformability were measured to be 61.882N N, 75.202N, and 672.182 Pa, respectively. Lastly, at 26% moisture content, force at bioyield point, rupture, and modulus of deformability were measured to be 59.052N, 74.014N, and1325.03Pa, respectively.
References
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