Comparative Economic Analysis of Lowland and Upland Rice Production Systems in Benue State, Nigeria

S. R. Tortiv; A. Ocholi; Z. T. Nyiatagher

doi:10.56201/ijaes.vol.12.no8.2026.pg70.78

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Comparative Economic Analysis of Lowland and Upland Rice Production Systems in Benue State, Nigeria

S. R. Tortiv, A. Ocholi, Z. T. Nyiatagher

Abstract

This study compared the economics of lowland and upland rice farming systems in Benue State, Nigeria, with a focus on upland and lowland systems. The study aimed to identify existing production systems, analyze their profitability and the constraints to rice farming. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 180 respondents for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain primary data. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic, gross Margin and budgetary technique specifically Return on Investment . Findings revealed that Lowland rice production emerged as the most widely (71.7%) practiced and economically viable, yielding a significantly higher profit (₦1,014,047.54/ha) and return on investment of 1.26 compared to upland systems (₦682,069.50/ha; ROI of 0.92). The results indicate that lowland rice production proved to be significantly more profitable than upland systems driven largely by higher yields and favourable returns, with the higher returns adequately compensating for the relatively higher production costs. The study recommended that agricultural security networks be strengthened, access to credit should be expanded and input delivery systems be improved. Key Words: Profitability; Lowland and Upland Production Systems

Keywords

Profitability; Lowland and Upland Production Systems

References

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Comparative Economic Analysis of Lowland and Upland Rice Production Systems in Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Keywords

References

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