Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Healthcare Facilities in Kano Metropolis
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections due to its ability to survive on hospital surfaces and develop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . This study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and molecular detection of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital environments in selected healthcare facilities in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 286 environmental samples were collected from patients' bed rails, bed sheets, toilet door handles, and nurses' used hand gloves in three selected hospitals. Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were carried out using standard cultural, Gram staining, and biochemical techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Molecular confirmation of bacterial isolates was achieved using polymerase chain reaction amplification of species-specific genes. Of the 286 samples examined, 251 (87.76%) yielded bacterial growth, while 35 (12.23%) showed no growth. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate, accounting for 86 (30.06%) of all samples, followed by Escherichia coli 78 (27.27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 63 (22.02%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24 (8.39%). Nurses' used hand gloves recorded the highest level of S. aureus contamination. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high resistance to Augmentin (69.8%), Ceftazidime (65.1%), Cefuroxime (65.1%), Gentamicin (60.5%), and Erythromycin (51.2%). Cefoxitin resistance was observed in 38 (44.2%) isolates, indicating a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . PCR amplification successfully confirmed the molecular identity of the bacterial isolates through the detection of species-specific target genes.
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