Sports as An Instrument of International Unity: A Case Study of Diplomatic Relations Between Nigeria and Ghana

Abstract

Sports play a significant role in fostering social interaction, cultural exchange, diplomacy, and peaceful relations between countries. This study examined sports as a unifying factor in international relations, using Nigeria–Ghana relations as a case study. A survey research design was adopted, with convenience sampling used to select participants. Of the 80 questionnaires administered, 77 valid responses were retrieved and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square statistics through SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that sports contribute significantly to cultural exchange between Nigeria and Ghana. Specifically, 38 respondents (49.4%) affirmed that sports affect cultural exchange, while 10 (13.0%) disagreed and 29 (37.7%) were undecided. The Chi-square result (χ2 = 15.91, p < 0.05) led to the rejection of the null hypothesis, indicating a significant effect of sports on cultural exchange. The study also found that sports are significantly promoted as a unifying factor in diplomacy, with 51 respondents (66.2%) agreeing or strongly agreeing with this position. The Chi-square value of 8.56 exceeded the critical value of 7.815, confirming a significant relationship. However, evidence regarding sports and security was comparatively limited. The study concludes that sports, particularly football, can strengthen Nigeria–Ghana relations by promoting cultural understanding, people-to-people interaction, diplomatic engagement, friendship, and peaceful coexistence.

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