Phytochemical Screening, Proximate Composition and Microbiological Evaluation of AGBO Herbal Remedy as a Potential Antimalarial Treatment
Abstract
This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, proximate profile, physicochemical characteristics, trace-element content, and microbiological quality of Agbo herbal remedy as a potential antimalarial preparation. An analytical research design was employed, and the study was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, Delta State College of Education, Mosogar, Delta State, Nigeria State, Nigeria, involving laboratory-based phytochemical screening, proximate analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, physicochemical characterization, and microbiological assessment. Five batches of Agbo herbal remedy were examined for bacterial and fungal contamination. The results showed that all five batches had no detectable bacterial or fungal growth, indicating satisfactory microbiological quality under the conditions tested. The preparation was reddish-brown and turbid, with a pH of 7.06, temperature of 26°C, relative density of 1.18, electrical conductivity of 352 μS/cm, and total dissolved solids of 159 mg/L. Phytochemical screening revealed strong presence of flavonoids and anthraquinones (+++), moderate presence of alkaloids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides (++), low presence of resins and saponins (+), while steroids were absent. Trace-element analysis detected iron (3.23 mg/L), iodine (0.533 mg/L), and zinc (0.23 mg/L), whereas cobalt and copper were not detected. Proximate analysis recorded crude fat (15.12%), crude fibre (10.65%), ash (8.55%), protein (7.11%), moisture (4.22%), and carbohydrate (2.21%). The findings provide baseline evidence supporting further antiplasmodial, toxicological, quantitative phytochemical, and standardization studies of Agbo.
Keywords
PhytochemicalProximateMicrobiologicalAGBO Herbal RemedyAntimalarial
References
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