Effect of Acha ( Digitaria exilis ) Pudding Consumption on Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos- Nigeria

Dabe Grace; Oluchukwu Ogechukwu Anunobi; Daikwo Moses Alilu

doi:10.56201/ijmepr.v10.no5.2026.pg43.49

📄 Download Paper

Effect of Acha ( Digitaria exilis ) Pudding Consumption on Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos- Nigeria

Dabe Grace, Oluchukwu Ogechukwu Anunobi, and Daikwo Moses Alilu

Abstract

Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important component of poor glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dietary strategies based on locally available foods may contribute to diabetes management. This study aimed at evaluating fasting and postprandial blood glucose responses following Acha pudding intake among patients with T2DM. A single-centre study was conducted among 104 adults with established T2DM receiving care at Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Participants were categorized according to frequent consumers, occasional consumers, or non-consumers of Acha. Fasting capillary blood glucose was measured before the consumption of Acha pudding. Postprandial blood glucose was monitored over 120 minutes. A glucose solution containing 50 g carbohydrate in 200 mL was used as the reference challenge. Blood glucose was measured using an ACCU-CHEK Instant glucometer. Results showed that frequent Acha consumers had a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) compared with occasional consumers and non-consumers. Postprandial blood glucose also had a significant decrease (p<0.05) among frequent consumers compared to occasional consumers and non-consumers. During the glucose reference challenge, fasting and two-hour glucose concentrations did not differ significantly across habitual Acha-consumption groups; however, the glucose increment was lower among frequent consumers (3.17 ± 0.31 mmol/L) than among non-consumers (4.85 ± 0.51 mmol/L). These findings suggest that Acha may have potential as a culturally appropriate carbohydrate food within dietary strategies for T2DM. However, because of the small, single-centre sample and the observational grouping by habitual consumption frequency, larger controlled studies are required for further research.

Keywords

Digitaria exilis; type 2 diabetes mellitus; postprandial glucose; fasting blood glucose; glycemic response

References

Alegbejo, J. O., Ameh, D. A., Ogala, W., & Ibrahim, S. (2011). Glycemic index and load of Acha in healthy and diabetic subjects. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 5, 117–122. American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of care in diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(1). Augustin, L. S. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Jenkins, D. J. A., Willett, W. C., Astrup, A., Barclay, A. W., Björck, I., Brand-Miller, J. C., Brighenti, F., Buyken, A. E., Ceriello, A., La Vecchia, C., Livesey, G., Liu, S., Riccardi, G., Rizkalla, S. W., Sievenpiper, J. L., Trichopoulou, A. & Wolever, T. M. S. (2015). Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 25(9), 795–815. Ceriello, A. (2010). Hyperglycaemia and the vessel wall: The pathophysiological aspects on the atherosclerotic burden in patients with diabetes. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 17(1), S15–S19. Evert, A. B., Dennison, M., Gardner, C. D., Garvey, W. T., Lau, K. H. K., MacLeod, J., Mitri, J., Pereira, R. F., Rawlings, K., Robinson, S., Saslow, L., Uelmen, S., Urbanski, P. B., & Yancy, W. S. (2019). Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: A consensus report. Diabetes Care, 42(5), 731–754. Gerich, J. E. (2003). Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(11), 1306–1316. Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Taylor, R. H., Barker, H., Fielden, H., Baldwin, J. M., Bowling, A. C., Newman, H. C., Jenkins, A. L., & Goff, D. V. (1981). Glycemic index of foods: A physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34(3), 362–366. Jideani, I. A. (1999). Traditional and possible technological uses of Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua : A review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 54, 363–374. Jideani, I. A., & Jideani, V. A. (2011). Developments on the cereal grains Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua . Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48, 251–259. Khan, M. A. B., Hashim, M. J., King, J. K., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., & Al Kaabi, J. (2020). Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes—Global burden of disease and forecasted trends. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 10(1), 107–111. Livesey, G., Taylor, R., Hulshof, T., & Howlett, J. (2008). Glycemic response and health—A systematic review and meta-analysis: Relations between dietary glycemic properties and health outcomes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(1), 258S–268S. Monnier, L., Colette, C., Dunseath, G. J., & Owens, D. R. (2006). The loss of postprandial glycemic control precedes stepwise deterioration of fasting with worsening diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(2), 263–269. Monnier, L., Lapinski, H., & Colette, C. (2003). Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care, 26(3), 881–885. Omoregie, E. S., & Osagie, A. U. (2008). Glycemic indices and glycemic load of some Nigerian foods. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7(5), 710–716. World Health Organization. (2022). Diabetes. World Health Organization. IJMEPR Wolever, T. M. S., Jenkins, D. J. A., Jenkins, A. L., & Josse, R. G. (1991). The glycemic index: Methodology and clinical implications. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54(5), 846–854. Wolever, T. M. S., Yang, M., Zeng, X. Y., Atkinson, F., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2006). Food glycemic index, as given in glycemic index tables, is a significant determinant of glycemic responses elicited by composite breakfast meals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83(6), 1306–1312.

Effect of Acha ( Digitaria exilis ) Pudding Consumption on Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos- Nigeria

Abstract

Keywords

References

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EVALUATION AND PHYSICAL REPORT