References
Ana-Irina, S., Vasile, H., Vasile, O., Jozset, J., & Elena, P. (2008). Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management, 7(5), 609–615. Aralu, C. C., Okoye, P. A. C., Eze, V. C., Abugu, H. O., Abba, S. I., &Egbueri, J. C. (2025). Seasonality of environmental health risks and soil pollution from an unsanitary landfill in Nigeria: Implications for water security, agriculture, and climate adaptation. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 17, 100597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100597 Baird, C. (1992). Environmental chemistry. W.H. Freeman. Baldwin, D. R., & Marshall, W. J. (1999). Heavy metal poisoning and its laboratory investigation. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 36(3), 267–300. Banez, J., Mae Ajaon, S., Bilolo, J. R., &Dailyn, J. M. (2010). Quarrying and its environmental effects. Scientific Research. Bargar, J. R., Persson, P., & Brown, G. E., Jr. (1999). Outer-sphere adsorption of Pb(II) EDTA on goethite. Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa, 63(19–20), 2957–2969. Bian, R., Li, L., Zhou, W., Song, X., Liu, X., Dai, L., Joseph, S., Xu, S., Jin, X., Wang, T., Liu, X., Zheng, J., & Pan, G. (2022). Copyrolysis of food waste and rice husk to biochar to create a sustainable resource for soil amendment: A pilot-scale case study in Jinhua, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 347, 131269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131269 Bodek, I., Lyman, W. J., Reehl, W. F., & Rosenblatt, D. H. (1988). Environmental inorganic chemistry: Properties, processes and estimation methods. Pergamon Press. Bolan, N. S., Kunhikrishnan, A., Thangarajan, R., Kumpiene, J., Park, J., Makino, T., Kirkham, M. B., &Scheckel, K. (2014). Remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils– to mobilize or to immobilize? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 266, 141–166. Bundschuh, M., Filser, J., Lüderwald, S., McKee, M. S., Metreveli, G., Schaumann, G. E., Schulz, R., & Wagner, S. (2018). Nanoparticles in the environment: where do we come from, where do we go to? Environmental Sciences Europe, 30(1), 6. Busico, G., Kazakis, N., Colombani, N., Mastrocicco, M., Voudouris, K., & Tedesco, D. (2018). Multivariate statistical analysis to characterize/discriminate between anthropogenic and geogenic trace elements occurrence in the Campania Plain, Southern Italy. Environmental Pollution, 234, 260–269. Campbell, P. G. C. (2006). Cadmium—a priority pollutant. Environmental Chemistry, 3(6), 387–388. Davies, B. E., & Jones, L. H. P. (1988). Micronutrients and toxic elements. In Wild, A. (Ed.), Russell's soil conditions and plant growth (11th ed., pp. 780–814). Longman. Derakhshan, Z., Nejad, E. M., & Jung, C. (2017). The effects of biochar and inorganic amendments on soil remediation in the presence of hyperaccumulator plant. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 8(4), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-017-0250-8 Egbueri, J. C., &Enyigwe, M. T. (2020). Pollution and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in natural waters from the Amekametallogenic district in southeastern Nigeria. Analytical Letters, 53(17), 2812–2839. Egbueri, J. C., Agbasi, J. C., Ezugwu, A. L., Omeka, M. E., Ucheana, I. A., Aralu, C. C., &Abugu, H. O. (2024). Metals, nitrate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and radioactive contaminants in Nigerian water resources: State-of-the-art of their ecological and health risk assessments. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05423-6 Egbueri, J. C., Agbasi, J. C., Ighalo, J. O., Uwajingba, H. C., & Abba, S. I. (2025b). Lead, nickel, arsenic, and chromium contamination in Nigerian groundwater: Sources, IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management potential impacts, and removal techniques. In Ali &Negm (Eds.), Groundwater in developing countries (pp. 327–355). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031- 79122-2_14 Egbueri, J. C., Ukah, B. U., Ubido, O. E., &Unigwe, C. O. (2022). A chemometric approach to source apportionment, ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in industrial soils from southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102(14), 3399–3417. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1769615 Enyigwe, M. T., Onwuka, O. S., &Egbueri, J. C. (2021). Geochemical distribution, statistical and health risk assessment of toxic elements in groundwater from a typical mining district in Nigeria. Environmental Forensics. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1907822 Eriksson, J., Andersson, A., &Andersson, R. (1997). The state of Swedish farmlands (Tech. Rep. 4778). Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Ezugwu, A. L., Abugu, H. O., Ucheana, I. A., Eze, S. I., Egbueri, J. C., Aigbodion, V. S., &Akpomie, K. G. (2023). Sequestration of lead ion in aqueous solution onto chemically pretreated Pycnanthusangolensis seed husk: Implications for wastewater treatment. Sustainability, 15(21), 15446. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115446 Fan, T. T., Wang, Y. J., Li, C. B., Zhou, D. M., & Friedman, S. P. (2015). Effects of soil organic matter on sorption of metal ions on soil clay particles. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 79(3), 794–802. Gale, A. N., &Groat, C. G. (2001). Potential environmental impacts of quarrying stone in karst. US Geological Survey. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0484/ofr-01 Godwin, J., Njimou, J. R., Abdus-Salam, N., Adegoke, H. I., Panda, P. K., Tripathy, B. C., &Maicaneanu, S. A. (2024). Nanosorbent based on coprecipitation of ZnO in goethite for competitive sorption of Cd(II)–Pb(II) and Cd(II)–Pb(II)–Ni(II) systems. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 22(1), 149–165. Greany, K. M. (2005). An assessment of heavy metal contamination in the marine sediments of Las Perlas Archipelago, Gulf of Panama [M.Sc. thesis]. Heriot-Watt University. GWRTAC. (1997). Remediation of metals-contaminated soils and groundwater (Tech. Rep. TE-97-01). GWRTAC. He, S., Li, Y., Weng, L., Wang, J., He, J., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2018). Competitive adsorption of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ onto Fe3+-modified argillaceous limestone: Influence of pH, ionic strength and natural organic matters. Science of the Total Environment, 637, 69–78. Hu, J., Lo, I. M. C., & Chen, G. (2004). Removal of Cr(VI) by magnetite. Water Science & Technology, 50(12), 139–146. Jastrow, J. D., Amonette, E. J., & Bailey, V. L. (2007). Mechanisms controlling soil carbon turnover and their potential application for enhancing carbon sequestration. Climate Change, 80, 5–23. Kabata-Pendias, A., &Pendias, H. (2001). Trace metals in soils and plants (2nd ed.). CRC Press. Khan, M. A., Khan, S., Khan, A., &Alam, M. (2017). Soil contamination with cadmium, consequences and remediation using organic amendments. Science of the Total Environment, 601, 1591–1605. Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y. M., Huang, Y. Z., & Zhu, Y. G. (2008). Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution, 152(3), 686–692. Kiran, B. R., & Prasad, M. N. V. (2021). Rice husk and wood derived charcoal for remediation of metal contaminated soil. In Handbook of assisted and amendment: Enhanced IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management sustainable remediation technology (pp. 235–266). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119670391.ch12 Kochen, R. L., &Navratil, J. D. (1997). Removal of radioactive materials and heavy metals from water using magnetic resin (U.S. Patent No. 5,595,666). Laidlaw, M. A. S., &Filippelli, G. M. (2008). Resuspension of urban soils as a persistent source of lead poisoning of children: A review and a new direction. Applied Geochemistry, 23, 2021–2039. Laidlaw, M. A. S., Filippelli, G. M., Brown, S., Paz-Ferreiro, J., Reichman, S. M., Netherway, P., Truskewycz, A., Ball, A. S., &Mielke, H. W. (2017). Case studies and evidence- based approaches to addressing urban soil lead contamination. Applied Geochemistry, 83, 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.02.015 Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304(5677), 1623–1627. Lemming, G., Hauschild, M. Z., &Bjerg, P. L. (2010). Life cycle assessment of soil and groundwater remediation technologies: Literature review. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15, 115–127. Lu, F., &Astruc, D. (2018). Nanomaterials for removal of toxic elements from water. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 356, 147–164. Macasek, F., Navratil, J. D., &Dulanská, S. (2000). Magnetic sorbent for soil remediation—A waste for waste treatment. Separation Science and Technology, 35(16), 2673–2683. Manahan, S. E. (2003). Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry (3rd ed.). CRC Press. Martínez, C. E., & Motto, H. L. (2000). Solubility of lead, zinc and copper added to mineral soils. Environmental Pollution, 107(1), 153–158. McLaughlin, M. J., Zacinas, B. A., Stevens, D. P., & Cook, N. (2000a). Communication in soil science and plant analysis, 31(11–14), 1661–1700. McLaughlin, M. J., Hamon, R. E., McLaren, R. G., Speir, T. W., & Rogers, S. L. (2000b). Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38(6), 1037–1086. Montgomery, W. C. (1992). Environmental geology (3rd ed.). Wm C. Brown Publishers. Mustafa, S., Waseem, M., Naeem, A., Shah, K. H., Ahmad, T., & Hussain, S. Y. (2010). Selective sorption of cadmium by mixed oxides of iron and silicon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 18–24. Nayyar, D., Shaikh, M. A. N., & Nawaz, T. (2022). Remediation of emerging contaminants by naturally derived adsorbents. In New trends in emerging environmental contaminants. Springer. Nnabo, P. N. (2015). Heavy metal contamination in soils in Nigerian Pb& Zn mines districts using metal enrichment and pollution indices. International Journal of Research in Environmental Science, 1(2), 48–59. NSC. (2009). Lead poisoning. National Safety Council. Obasi, P. N., &Akudinobi, B. B. (2020). Potential health risk and levels of heavy metals in water resources of lead-zinc mining communities of Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria. Applied Water Science, 10(7), 184. Obiora, S. C., Chukwu, A., Toteu, S. F., & Davies, T. C. (2016). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around lead (Pb)–zinc (Zn) mining areas in southeastern Nigeria. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 87(4), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-016-0413-x Orji, O. U., Ibiam, U. A., Awoke, J. N., Obasi, O. D., Uraku, A. J., Alum, E. U., &Eze, A. G. (2021). Assessment of levels and health risks of trace metals in soils and food crops cultivated on farmlands near mining sites in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal of Food Protection, 84(8), 1288–1294. IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management Phanapavudhikul, P., Waters, A. J., & Perez de Ortiz, E. S. (2003). Design and performance of magnetic composite particles for the separation of heavy metals from water. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 38(10), 2277–2285. Randall, S. R., Sherman, D. M., Ragnarsdottir, K. V., & Collins, C. R. (1999). The mechanism of cadmium surface complexation on iron oxyhydroxide minerals. Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa, 63(19–20), 2971–2987. Reed, E. Y., Chadwick, D. R., Hill, P. W., & Jones, D. L. (2017). Critical comparison of the impact of biochar and wood ash on soil organic matter cycling and grassland productivity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 110, 134–142. Rikers, R. A., Rem, P., &Dalmijn, W. (1998). Improved method for prediction of heavy metal recoveries from soil using high intensity magnetic separation . International Journal of Mineral Processing, 54(3–4), 165–182. Rosen, C. J. (2002). Lead in the home garden and urban soil environment. Communication and Educational Technology Services, University of Minnesota Extension. Samrot, A. V., Sahithya, C. S., Selvarani, A. J., Purayil, S. K., &Ponnaiah, P. (2021). A review on synthesis, characterization and potential biological applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 4, 100042. Scragg, A. (2006). Environmental biotechnology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. Shah, F., &Ghafoor, M. (2023). Synthesis and surface modification of iron oxide nanoparticles for the extraction of cadmium ions in food and water samples: A chemometric study. Separations, 10(2), 124. Shaheen, S. M., Rinklebe, J., Rupp, H., & Meissner, R. (2013). Temporal dynamics of pore water concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn and their controlling factors in a contaminated floodplain soil. Environmental Pollution, 191, 223–231. Sharma, S., Tiwari, S., Hasan, A., Saxena, V., & Pandey, L. M. (2018). Recent advances in conventional and contemporary methods for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. 3 Biotech, 8, 1–18. Smith, L. A., Means, J. L., & Chen, A. et al. (1995). Remedial options for metals-contaminated sites. Lewis Publishers. Stephens, C., & Ahern, M. (2001). Worker and community health impacts related to mining operations internationally: A rapid review of the literature. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Taylor, M. P., Mackay, A. K., Hudson-Edwards, K. A., &Holz, E. (2010). Soil Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contamination around Isa City, Queensland, Australia: Potential sources and risks to human health. Applied Geochemistry, 25, 841–855. USEPA. (1996). Soil screening guidance: Technical background document. United States Environmental Protection Agency. VCI. (2011). Copper history/future. Van Commodities Inc. Wadhawan, S., Jain, A., Nayyar, J., & Mehta, S. K. (2020). Role of nanomaterials as adsorbents in heavy metal ion removal from waste water: A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 33, 101038. Wang, P., Shen, X., Qiu, S., Zhang, L., Ma, Y., & Liang, J. (2024). Clay-based materials for heavy metals adsorption: Mechanisms, advancements, and future prospects in environmental remediation. Crystals, 14(12), 1046. Weggler, K., McLaughlin, M. J., & Graham, R. D. (2004). Effect of chloride in soil solution on the plant availability of biosolid-borne cadmium. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33(2), 496–504. Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Shar, A. G., Liu, J., Chen, Y., Chu, S., Zhang, X., & Qin, S. (2018). Enhancing organic and inorganic carbon sequestration in calcareous soil by the IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management combination of wheat straw and wood ash and/or lime. PLoS ONE, 13(10), e0205361. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205361 Zheng, R. L., Cai, C., Liang, J. H., Huang, Q., Chen, Z., Huang, Y. Z., Arp, H. P. H., & Sun, G. X. (2012). The effects of biochars from rice residue on the formation of iron plaque and the accumulation of Cd, Zn, Pb, As in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Chemosphere, 89(7), 856–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.008 Zhou, L., Richard, C., Ferronato, C., Chovelon, J. M., &Sleiman, M. (2018). Investigating the performance of biomass-derived biochars for the removal of gaseous ozone, adsorbed nitrate and aqueous bisphenol A. Chemical Engineering Journal, 334, 2098–2104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.145 Zhuang, J., & Yu, G. R. (2002). Effects of surface coatings on electrochemical properties and contaminant sorption of clay minerals. Chemosphere, 49(6), 619–628.