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Spatial–Temporal Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Occupational Risk-Control Practices in an Oil and Gas Facility in Delta State, Nigeria

Yusuf Saibu, and Christopher Onosemuode

Abstract

This study evaluated the space- and time-varying Indoor Air Quality and Occupational Risk- control Practices in Administrative Workspaces (AW) of an operating Oil and Gas Facility in Delta State, Nigeria. A workplace-based observational cross-sectional design was used, with morning and evening measurements conducted in the reception area and three administrative offices, yielding 8 workspace-period observations. PM2.5, PM10, CO2, CO, SO2, NO2, TVOC, and relative humidity and temperature were measured using calibrated direct- reading instruments. Composite pollution-burden scoring as well as descriptive statistics, exact Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, paired PERMANOVA, correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering, sensitivity analysis and chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were used to analyse the data. The mean value of PM2.5, CO2, SO2, NO2 and TVOCs were the highest for the Reception as the major hotspot, while for Administrative Office 2, the mean value of PM10 was the highest. Evening concentrations increased by the evening concentrations increased by 18.37% for PM2.5, 11.15% for PM10 and 77.78% for CO, with perfect positive rank-biserial effects indicating consistent evening deterioration. The amount of variation in multivariate pollution profiles accounted for by workspace was 77.7%, compared with 13.8% accounted for by the monitoring period. The order of the composite burden score remained unchanged across leave-one-pollutant-out sensitivity analyses, with the highest score observed in Reception–Evening (1.515). Administrative controls varied greatly, χ2(6)=41.18, p<0.001, (w=0.531), and are highlighted by a lack of signage, supervision and intensive safety checks. Significant mixed-pollutant exposure hotspots are also found in administrative areas, the study concludes. Improving ventilation, isolating sources, using filtration, conducting routine monitoring across different seasons, enhancing engineering controls, and verifying SO2 and NO2 units before the regulation is interpreted are all priority actions.

Keywords

Indoor air quality; oil and gas facility; occupational exposure; particulate matter; pollution-burden index; spatiotemporal variation; total volatile organic compounds; workplace risk controls.

References

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