Wildlife Ecological Assessment in an Urban Environment: A Case Study of Rumuosi Community in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study was to assess the composition, diversity, and abundance of wildlife species in Rumuosi community in Obio-Akpor to provide information on the biodiversity of an urban environment. Field surveys were conducted focusing on four major taxonomic groups (Aves, Mammalia, Reptilia, and Amphibia). Avian surveys employed the point count method while mammals, reptiles, and amphibian population were assessed using exploratory walks along streets, gardens, and vegetative patches. Direct sightings, calls, droppings, tracks, and nests were recorded. A total of 238 individual wildlife was recorded, comprising of 48 species and 31 families. Aves were the most dominant group, accounting for 183 individuals (76.9%) from 24 species and 16 families. Pied Crow (Corvus albus), Red-eyed Dove (Streptopelia semitorquata), and Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) were the most frequently observed avian species. Reptile was the second most abundant group and contributed 25 individuals (10.5%), comprising of 7 species and 5 families with Agama Lizard (Agama agama) and House Gecko (Hemidactylus brookii) being the most abundant. Mammals recorded a total of 19 individuals (8.0%), comprising of 11 species and 3 families. This group was dominated by commensal rodents such as the Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus) and House Mouse (Mus musculus), while Amphibians were the least represented group with 11 individuals (4.6%) comprising of 6 species and 5 families. Mascarene Grass Frog (Ptychadena mascareniensis) was the most recorded in this group. Findings from this study suggest that urbanization in Obio-Akpor favours generalist and disturbance-tolerant species while limiting habitat specialists and sensitive species. The study concludes that while biodiversity thrives in Obio-Akpor, it is increasingly dominated by urban exploiters at the expense of sensitive species.
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