Policy Analysis of Satellite Constellations: International Treaties, Nigerian Regulatory Framework, and the Path Forward

Academic and Technical Sources Jakhu, R., & Pelton, J. N. (2022). Global Space Governance: An International Study. Springer. Lyall, F., & Larsen, P. B. (2018). Space Law: A Treatise (2nd ed.). Routledge. Newman, C. J., & Williamson, M. (2022). Space Traffic Management: Towards a Legal Framework for Orbital Operations. Journal of Space Law, 46(1), 1-45. Iridium-Cosmos Collision Report, Joint Space Operations Center , Vandenberg Air Force Base (2009). European Space Agency, Zero Debris Charter, ESA/C(2025)12 (2025). US Federal Communications Commission, Space Innovation Agenda: Satellite Licensing Reform, FCC 25-42 (2025). Nigerian Communications Commission, Public Consultation on Satellite Direct-to-Device Connectivity, NCC/D2D/2026/01 (January 2026). National Space Research and Development Agency, Handbook on Space Regulation and Spectrum Management, NASRDA/HB/2025/03 (2025). National Space Council, 25-Year Space Roadmap (2026-2051), Federal Republic of Nigeria (March 2026). International Treaties Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty), 610 UNTS 205 (1967). Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (Rescue Agreement), 672 UNTS 119 (1968). Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (Liability Convention), 961 UNTS 187 (1972). Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (Registration Convention), 1023 UNTS 15 (1975). Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Moon Agreement), 1363 UNTS 22 (1979). Nigerian Legislation National Space Research and Development Agency Act, No. 27 of 2010. Nigerian Communications Act, No. 19 of 2003. Regulations on Licensing and Supervision of Space Activities, National Space Research and Development Agency (2015, revised 2021). Commercial Satellite Communications Guidelines, Nigerian Communications Commission (2018). Nigeria Data Protection Act, No. 32 of 2023. UN Documents UN Office for Outer Space Affairs, Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, UN Doc. A/AC.105/C.1/L.260 (2007). UNCOPUOS, Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities, UN Doc. A/AC.105/2018/CRP.20 (2018). International Telecommunication Union, Radio Regulations, Edition of 2020 (as updated by WRC-23, WRC-27). Policy and Advocacy Documents JLGP JLGP E-ISSN 2579-051X GSMA, Regulatory Preparedness for Satellite-to-Cell Services, GSMA Policy Position Paper (March 2026). UN Office for Outer Space Affairs, 'Debris Capture Index: Proposal for an International Registry, UNOOSA/DC/2026/4 (2026).