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Investigation of Atmospheric Pollutants (VOCs, CO , PM2.5) Concentration at Santa Babara Oil Spill Environment, Nembe Bayelsa State

Sakwe Adianimovie, Eli D Goodluck

Abstract

Four sampling points were established around the spill site of Well One at Santa Barbara, spaced 400 metres apart. Sampling was conducted over five days, with 6-hour intervals. Parameters measured were gaseous pollutants (CO2, VOCs, H2S) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5). At the impacted points, CO2 peaked at 580.10 ppm at point 3 on day 2 and was lowest at 280.45 ppm at point 4, day 4, with a 5-day average of 344.19 ppm. VOCs ranged from 17.60 μg/m3 at point 3 day 4 to 23.70 μg/m3 at point 1 day 4, averaging 23.11 μg/m3. H2S was highest at 52.40 ppm at point 1 day 2 and lowest at 36.95 ppm at point 2 day 5, averaging 44.02 ppm. PM2.5 peaked at 51.85 μg/m3 at point 3 day 4 and was lowest at 28.05 μg/m3 at point 4 day 4, averaging 40.02 μg/m3. At 400 metres off the impacted area, concentrations were significantly lower: CO2 averaged 209.49 ppm, VOCs 1.16 μg/m3, H2S 14.06 ppm, and PM2.5 15.34 μg/m3. Comparatively, CO2 was 2 times higher, VOCs 19 times higher, H2S > 4 times higher, and PM2.5 was 3 times higher at the spill site of 400m away. Against WHO standards, CO2 was <1000 ppm and was within safe limits of personal exposure. VOCs were <100 μg/m3. H2S at the spill site exceeded the 7-10 ppm occupational limit, while 400m off was within range. PM2.5 at the spill site exceeded WHO 24-hr guideline of 15 μg/m3, but 400m off was within limits.

Keywords

Crude oilEnvironmentalOil SpillsCarbon dioxideHydrogen SulphiteVolatile Organic CompoundsParticulate Matter etc. i.

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