Distributed Banking System Architecture for Communication - Cost- Aware Data Fragmentation Using Predicate-Based Horizontal Partitioning: A Prototype Case Study

Remi A. Ikechukwu

doi:10.56201/ijcsmt.vol.12.no7.2026.pg69.78

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Distributed Banking System Architecture for Communication - Cost- Aware Data Fragmentation Using Predicate-Based Horizontal Partitioning: A Prototype Case Study

Remi A. Ikechukwu

Abstract

Modern financial ecosystems have rapidly transitioned from localized, branch-oriented infrastructure to high concurrency mobile and digital banking platforms, exposing traditional centralized core banking systems to transaction latency, localized bandwidth saturation, and single points of failure. This paper presents an applied case study in decentralized database engineering: a distributed banking system architecture built on predicate-based horizontal fragmentation, in which a hybrid Clustering Decision Value, Allocation Decision Value, Genetic Algorithm methodology serves as the underlying fragment placement engine. The architecture decouples monolithic customer transaction records into regional datasets and routes access through a middleware layer intended to enforce location and replication transparency, so that the physical distribution of data remains invisible to end users and front-line banking staff. A working prototype covering account registration, teller/cash-point transaction processing, fragment allocation, and mirrored cross-branch re-allocation was implemented and exercised against real, multi-branch transaction data spanning more than 40 branches across several countries. The case study demonstrates that the architecture functions correctly end to end and offers a structural pathway toward reducing dependence on a single central node. Formal measurement of transaction response time, offline resilience, and regulatory compliance outcomes falls outside the scope of the present prototype and is identified as a necessary follow-up work. This paper further discusses the architecture's implications for data residency obligations under contemporary regulatory regimes such as Nigeria's Data Protection Act 2023.

Keywords

Distributed banking systemshorizontal fragmentationlocation transparencyreplication transparencyFinTech architecturedata residencycase study

References

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Distributed Banking System Architecture for Communication - Cost- Aware Data Fragmentation Using Predicate-Based Horizontal Partitioning: A Prototype Case Study

Abstract

Keywords

References

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