Enhancing Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product Through Sustainable Exploitation of the Itakpe Iron Ore Deposit Using Copper Zinc Tin Selenide (CZTSE)-Based Solar Energy Systems: A Pathway to Industrialization and Economic Diversification

Abstract

Nigeria's aspiration for economic diversification beyond crude oil necessitates the strategic development of its solid mineral resources and renewable energy infrastructure. Among the country's most significant mineral assets is the Itakpe iron ore deposit in Kogi State, which serves as the principal raw material source for the Ajaokuta Steel Complex. Despite possessing substantial iron ore reserves, the full economic benefits of the Itakpe deposit remain unrealized due to infrastructural deficiencies, inadequate energy supply, and low levels of industrial integration. This study investigates the potential of Copper Zinc Tin Selenide -based solar photovoltaic technology as a sustainable alternative energy source capable of enhancing mining productivity and industrial output. Using a techno- economic and policy-oriented analytical framework, the study examines the relationship between renewable energy deployment, mining sector productivity, steel manufacturing development, and Gross Domestic Product growth. Findings suggest that integrating CZTSe solar systems into mining and beneficiation operations could significantly reduce operational costs, improve energy reliability, stimulate local manufacturing, attract investment, and enhance employment generation. The study proposes a Mining–Solar–Steel Industrialization Model linking renewable energy deployment to national economic growth. Results indicate that large-scale adoption of CZTSe-powered mining infrastructure at Itakpe could contribute substantially to Nigeria's GDP, support energy security, and accelerate industrialization. The study recommends targeted government policies, investment incentives, and research collaborations to facilitate the commercialization of CZTSe technology within Nigeria's mining value chain.

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