References
Abdullahi, M., & Arabo, U. A. (2023) Voter Apathy in Nigeria as Political Protest: A Critical Overview of People’s Participation in Elections in Nigeria. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 10(5).198-209. Abiodun, A. (June 12, 2017). Why June 12 election was annulled, by IBB. The Nation Nigeria. https://thenationonlineng.net/why-june-12-election-was-annulled-by-ibb/ Abramowitz, A. I. (2010). The Disappearing Center: Engaged Citizens, Polarization, and American Democracy. Yale University Press. Adebajo, A. (2008). The Curse of Berlin: Africa after the Cold War. Hurst & Company. Adebanwi, W. (2012). Authority Stealing: Anti-Corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post- Military Nigeria. Carolina Academic Press. Adebayo, W.(2023) Annulment of June 12, 1993, Presidential Election: The Turning Point In Nigeria’s Political Development. https://waidigbenro.wordpress.com/2023/06/12/annulment-of-june-12-1993-presidential- election-the-turning-point-in-nigerias-political-development/ Adetoye, D. and Omilusi, M. (2015), ‘Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Democracy in Nigeria’. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. 3(1) Adibe, J. (2014). Polarisation and Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Journal of African Elections, 13(1), 23-40. Afigbo, A. E. (2006). The Aborted Discovery: Nigeria and the Aborted Discovery of Europe. Wusen Press. Afriklens, (2025). The History of Nigeria’s First Republic: and its downfall. April 9. https://www.afriklens.com/the-history-of-nigerias-first-republic-and-its-downfall/ Agbese, A.(2014).Concerns over Muslim/Muslim ticket in APC. Daily Trust. April 2. https://dailytrust.com/concerns-over-muslim-muslim-ticket-in-apc/ Agbiboa, D. E. (2018). Polarisation and Violence in Nigeria. In Polarization and Conflict in Africa. Africa World Press. Aiyede, E. R. (2020). Polarisation and Trust in Electoral Institutions in Nigeria. Journal of African Elections, 19(1), 45-67. Ake, C. (2000). The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa. Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. Akinfemisoye, M. (2020). Social Media and Polarization in Nigeria. Journal of African Media Studies, 12(1), 45-60. http://www.acspn.com.ng Akinyele, R. T. (2013). June 12: The Struggle for Democracy in Nigeria. Stirling-Horden Publishers. Akinyemi, K. (2015). ‘How we rejected Jonathan’s temptations during 2015 elections – Prof Oloyede’. http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index. Php/politics/21277-how-we- rejected-jonathan-s-temptations-during-2015... Alimi, N. (2022). 2023: Resist Muslim/Muslim presidential bid, YYC tells Nigerians. Nigerian Tribune, August 1. https://tribuneonlineng.com/2023-resist-muslim-muslim-presidential- bid-yyc-tells-nigerians/ An-Na'im, A. A. (2008). Islam and the secular state: Negotiating the future of Shari'a. Harvard University Press. Awolowo, O. (1947). Path to Nigerian freedom. Faber and Faber. Azikiwe, N. (1964). Renascent Africa. Cass. E-ISSN 2504-883X P-ISSN 2695 2432 Babarinsa, D. (2003). House of War: The Story of Awo's Followers and Collapse of Nigeria's Second Republic. Spectrum Books. Balanis, C. A. (2016). Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. John Wiley & Sons. Balewa, T. (1948). Shaihu Umar. Longman Pub. Benjamin, I. & Attah, H.A. (2023). Identity Politics and Voting Behaviour in Nigeria’s 2023 Presidential Election: A Disaster to Developmental Democracy. Kontagora International Journal of Education Research, 1(1). P.178-190. https://fuekjournals.org/index.php/kijer/article/view/14/12 Benjamin, S.A. (2022). The Zoning System as Operational Framework for Nigeria Federalism.’’In Reflections on Nigerian Federalism: Essays in Honour of Professor Solomon Akhere Benjamin, edited by Suberu, R.T., Okafo, C. and Roberts, F.O, N. Kaduna: Pyla-Mark Printing Press. Benkler, Y., Faris, R., & Roberts, H. (2018). Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. Oxford University Press. Best, S. (2011). Nigeria's Quest for Peace: Understanding the Challenges. African Journal on