Organizational Readiness for Artificial Intelligence Transformation in The Human Resources Function: A Conceptual Framework

Adelanwa, A., Basnet, A., & Anene, U. N. (2023). Data driven digital transformation models for lifecycle performance management in infrastructure delivery. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(6), 2646-2662. Afrihyia, E., Akinse, S. G., & Ojukwu, P. U. (2024). Comparative governance of AI-driven healthcare management: Executive oversight, regulatory structures, and accountability in the United States and developing countries. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(6), 3087-3102. Afrihyia, E., Akinse, S. G., & Ojukwu, P. U. (2025). Organizational readiness for generative AI integration in healthcare operations: Comparative management capabilities between the U.S. and low- and middle-income countries. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 8(10), 1673-1697. Afrihyia, E., Ojukwu, P. U., & Akinse, S. G. (2024). Privacy-preserving health data governance models: A comparative review of blockchain and cryptographic strategies in U.S. and developing healthcare systems. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(6), 3071-3086. Aliliele, C., Mbonu, I. S., Uzoka, E., & Iwuanyanwu, U. (2025). A review of AI assisted continuous auditing systems in technology risk and cybersecurity oversight. Gyanshauryam, International Scientific Refereed Research Journal, 8(4), 210-250. Alsheibani, S., Cheung, Y., & Messom, C. (2021). Factors inhibiting the adoption of artificial intelligence at organizational level: A preliminary investigation. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 25, 1-20. Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations, 46(6), 681-703. Badmus, O., Dosunmu, A. A., & Anunagba, C. O. (2025). A governance framework for AI- assisted CRM workflows: Agentforce deployment, risk management, and organizational readiness in enterprise Salesforce environments. International Journal of Scientific Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 59-80. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. Bondarouk, T., Parry, E., & Furtmueller, E. (2017). Electronic HRM: Four decades of research on adoption and consequences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(1), 98-131. Budhwar, P., Chowdhury, S., Wood, G., Aguinis, H., Bamber, G. J., Beltran, J. R., Boselie, P., Cooke, F. L., Decker, S., DeNisi, A., Dey, P. K., Guest, D., Knoblich, A. J., Malik, A., Paauwe, J., Papagiannidis, S., Patel, C., Pereira, V., Ren, S., ... Varma, A. (2023). Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intelligence: Perspectives and research directions on ChatGPT. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(3), 606-659. Cao, G., Duan, Y., Edwards, J. S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). Understanding managers' attitudes and behavioral intentions towards using artificial intelligence for organizational decision- making. Technovation, 106, 102312. Cappelli, P., Tambe, P., & Yakubovich, V. (2020). Can data science change human resources? In J. Canals & F. Heukamp (Eds.), The future of management in an AI world (pp. 93-115). Palgrave Macmillan. Charlwood, A., & Guenole, N. (2022). Can HR adapt to the paradoxes of artificial intelligence? Human Resource Management Journal, 32(4), 729-742. Davenport, T. H., & Ronanki, R. (2018). Artificial intelligence for the real world. Harvard Business Review, 96(1), 108-116. Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T., Duan, Y., Dwivedi, R., Edwards, J., Eirug, A., Galanos, V., Ilavarasan, P. V., Janssen, M., Jones, P., Kar, A. K., Kizgin, H., Kronemann, B., Lal, B., Lucini, B., ... Williams, M. D. (2021). Artificial intelligence: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 57, 101994. Eyetsemitan, R. A., Ambali, K. B., Oyeleye, A. O., & Fadayomi, O. (2023a). Change management in small business digital transformation: A systematic review and lean change adoption framework. Gyanshauryam, International Scientific Refereed Research Journal, 6(6), 521- 550. Eyetsemitan, R. A., Ambali, K. B., Oyeleye, A. O., & Fadayomi, O. (2023b). User acceptance testing in small business technology deployment: A structured validation framework for lean operational environments. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 4(6), 1512-1531. Fenwick, A., Molnar, G., & Frangos, P. (2024). The critical role of HRM in AI-driven digital transformation: A paradigm shift to enable firms to move from AI implementation to human-centric adoption. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 4(1), 16. Holmstrom, J. (2022). From AI to digital transformation: The AI readiness framework. Business Horizons, 65(3), 329-339. Hradecky, D., Kennell, J., Cai, W., & Davidson, R. (2022). Organizational readiness to adopt artificial intelligence in the exhibition sector in Western Europe. International Journal of Information Management, 65, 102497. Jatobari, M., Ferraris, A., Mishra, S., & Rana, N. P. (2024). Artificial intelligence and human resource management: A bibliometric and conceptual mapping of an emerging field. Journal of Business Research, 178, 114663. Johnk, J., Weissert, M., & Wyrtki, K. (2021). Ready or not, AI comes: An interview study of organizational AI readiness factors. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 63(1), 5-20. Kellogg, K. C., Valentine, M. A., & Christin, A. (2020). Algorithms at work: The new contested terrain of control. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 366-410. Kshetri, N. (2021). Evolving uses of artificial intelligence in human resource management in emerging economies in the global South: Some preliminary evidence. Management Research Review, 44(7), 970-990. Ladapo, O. O., Dosunmu, A. A., Jooda, D., & Abolaji, T. O. (2022a). Human-in-the-loop machine learning: A state of the art. Journal of Frontiers in Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 656- 669. Ladapo, O. O., Dosunmu, A. A., Jooda, D., & Abolaji, T. O. (2025). Migration of applications and information systems to cloud computing infrastructure: Lessons from a South African retail bank. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 6(6), 1361-1375. Ladapo, O. O., Jooda, D., Dosunmu, A. A., & Abolaji, T. O. (2022b). Navigating digital transformation: Best practices for cloud migration strategies in the enterprise. Journal of Frontiers in Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 643-655. Ladapo, O. O., Jooda, D., Dosunmu, A. A., & Abolaji, T. O. (2024). Keeping humans in the loop: Human-centered automated annotation with generative AI. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Futuristic Development, 5(1), 81-95. Lepri, B., Oliver, N., & Pentland, A. (2021). Ethical machines: The human-centric use of artificial intelligence. iScience, 24(3), 102249. Malik, A., Budhwar, P., & Kazmi, B. A. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted HRM: Towards an extended strategic framework. Human Resource Management Review, 33(1), 100940. Mbonu, I. S., Aliliele, C., Iwuanyanwu, U., & Oluoha, O. M. (2018). A conceptual framework for legal and ethical risk modeling in enterprise data protection governance systems. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 2(2), 207-226. Meijerink, J., Boons, M., Keegan, A., & Marler, J. (2021). Algorithmic human resource management: Synthesizing developments and cross-disciplinary insights. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(12), 2545-2562. Mikalef, P., & Gupta, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence capability: Conceptualization, measurement calibration, and empirical study on its impact on organizational creativity and firm performance. Information & Management, 58(3), 103434. Mirbabaie, M., Brunker, F., Mollmann Frick, N. R. J., & Stieglitz, S. (2022). The rise of artificial intelligence: Understanding the AI identity threat at the workplace. Electronic Markets, 32(1), 73-99. Pan, Y., & Froese, F. J. (2023). An interdisciplinary review of AI and HRM: Challenges and future directions. Human Resource Management Review, 33(1), 100924. Pereira, V., Hadjielias, E., Christofi, M., & Vrontis, D. (2023). A systematic literature review on the impact of artificial intelligence on workplace outcomes: A multi-process perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 33(1), 100857. Pumplun, L., Tauchert, C., & Heidt, M. (2019). A new organizational chassis for artificial intelligence: Exploring organizational readiness factors. In Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems . Raisch, S., & Krakowski, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and management: The automation- augmentation paradox. Academy of Management Review, 46(1), 192-210. Sanni, J. O., & Attah, A. (2023). A comprehensive framework for digital transformation in capital markets: Solving operational challenges and enhancing stakeholder engagement. Gyanshauryam, International Scientific Refereed Research Journal, 6(6), 275-302. Saukkonen, J., Kreus, P., Obermayer, N., Ruiz, O. R., & Haaranen, M. (2025). AI, HR and the future of work: Readiness, adoption, and the reconfiguration of human resource practices. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 38(2), 287-309. Schwaeke, J., Peters, A., Kanbach, D. K., Kraus, S., & Jones, P. (2025). The new normal: The status quo of AI adoption in SMEs and the role of organizational readiness. Journal of Small Business Management, 63(2), 411-440. Tambe, P., Cappelli, P., & Yakubovich, V. (2019). Artificial intelligence in human resources management: Challenges and a path forward. California Management Review, 61(4), 15- 42. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533. Tornatzky, L. G., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The processes of technological innovation. Lexington Books. Vrontis, D., Christofi, M., Pereira, V., Tarba, S., Makrides, A., & Trichina, E. (2022). Artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced technologies and human resource management: A systematic review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(6), 1237-1266. Weiner, B. J. (2009). A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implementation Science, 4, 67. Wijayati, D. T., Rahman, Z., Fahrullah, A., Rahman, M. F. W., Arifah, I. D. C., & Kautsar, A. (2022). A study of artificial intelligence on employee performance and work engagement: The moderating role of change leadership. International Journal of Manpower, 43(2), 486- 512. Zirar, A., Ali, S. I., & Islam, N. (2023). Worker and workplace artificial intelligence (AI) coexistence: Emerging themes and research agenda. Technovation, 124, 102747.