Knowledge of Petroleum Industry Activities on the Distribution of Molluscs in the New Calabar River

Ayoka-Duke; B.B.B; Gobo; A.E; E.I.K. Eloka; E.I. Chibuogwu

doi:10.56201/ijgem.vol.12.no6.2026.pg237.249

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Knowledge of Petroleum Industry Activities on the Distribution of Molluscs in the New Calabar River

Ayoka-Duke, B.B.B, Gobo, A.E, E.I.K. Eloka, and E.I. Chibuogwu

Abstract

This study finds out the knowledge of petroleum industry activities on the distribution of molluscs in the new Calabar River. The proliferation of oil and gas infrastructure, including flow stations and manifold and oil and gas assets in the cawthorne channel alongside illegal bunkering and frequent oil spills; rivers have significantly altered the biogeochemical balance water quality parameters across eight sampling station travers radii in Rivers State. The sampling technique used was focus group interactions in the 8 identified localities. The focus group interactions gave in-depth perceptions of the knowledge of the localities and rendered verifiable accounts on the depletion of molluses by anthropogenic (hydrocarbon) process. The sampling across the (8) stations (Na 1, Oc2, Ta3, E/4, Ba5, Og6, Mg7, and Ch8), results indicate severe environmental degradation. While Ph levels (6.85 – 8.05) remained within WHO standards, Electrical conductivity (EC) reached alarming levels of 8,030, 12,490 us/cm and Total Dissolved Solids ranged from 6,589 – 8,743mgII, both critically exceeds WHO thresholds (1,000us/cm and 600mgII, respectively). Furthermore, salinity levels (3.32 – 7.14%) indicate significant salt water intrusions and ionic pollution, far surpassing the freshwater limit of 0.6%. hierarchical cluster analysis identified distinct groupings of samplings stations, specially linking stations Ba5, Og6 and Ch8 to high anthropogenic impacts from industrial water and agricultural leachates. The study highlights that such pollutants not only cause physiological damage to adult molluscs – but also poses critical threat to highly sensitive early stages (spats, eggs and larva). The bioaccumulation (R11) and hydrocarbon (R11 = 0.96) of toxins renders mollusk unsafe for human consumption, threatening the socio-economic wellbeing of the region. The research provides framework for environmental management strategies aimed at mitigating hydrocarbon induced ecological decline in the Niger Delta. Key Words: Knowledge, Petroleum Industry, Activities, Distribution, Molluscs

Keywords

KnowledgePetroleum IndustryActivitiesDistributionMolluscs

References

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Knowledge of Petroleum Industry Activities on the Distribution of Molluscs in the New Calabar River

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